{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:49:44Z","timestamp":1791391784479,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22422702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22422702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22577036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22577036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Solanesyl diphosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.5.1.85), a key enzyme in plastoquinone biosynthesis, has emerged as a promising herbicide target. Rimisoxafen is a bleaching herbicide that inhibits both SPS and phytoene desaturase (PDS), but the mechanism underlying SPS inhibition remains unclear. Here, we show that rimisoxafen inhibits SPS through a noncompetitive mechanism, similar to the commercial SPS inhibitor aclonifen. Rimisoxafen induced bleaching symptoms in Arabidopsis thaliana, strongly inhibited root growth, and triggered pronounced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in root tips. Structural analysis of the SPS\u2013rimisoxafen complex revealed a dimer-interface binding mode mediated by \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Transcriptomic analyses further identified conserved hypoxia-associated responses, which were more strongly induced by rimisoxafen. These findings uncover the molecular mechanism of SPS inhibition by rimisoxafen and provide a framework for the structure-guided design of SPS-targeting and dual-target herbicides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c09571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:01:43Z","timestamp":1790607703000},"page":"30502-30511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural Basis\nof Solanesyl Diphosphate Synthase\nInhibition by Rimisoxafen"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central China Normal University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. R. China, 430079"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central China Normal University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. R. China, 430079"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Guo","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central China Normal University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. R. China, 430079"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Mei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central China Normal University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. R. China, 430079"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central China Normal University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. R. China, 430079"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Jie","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central China Normal University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. R. China, 430079"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2050-0921","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Da-Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central China Normal University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. R. China, 430079"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026100711074051600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1017\/wsc.2017.78","article-title":"Weed Management\nin 2050: Perspectives on the Future of Weed Science","volume":"66","author":"Westwood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Weed Sci."},{"issue":"30","key":"2026100711074051600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10307","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV120.013572","article-title":"Mechanisms of Evolved Herbicide Resistance","volume":"295","author":"Gaines","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100711074051600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2021.06.003","article-title":"Into the\nWeeds:\nNew Insights in Plant Stress","volume":"26","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100711074051600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2333","article-title":"Why Have\nNo New Herbicide Modes of Action Appeared in Recent Years?","volume":"68","author":"Duke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pest Manage. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100711074051600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4821","article-title":"The Challenge\nof Herbicide Resistance around the World: A Current Summary","volume":"74","author":"Peterson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pest Manage. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026100711074051600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6285","article-title":"Where Are the New Herbicides?","volume":"77","author":"Qu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pest Manage. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100711074051600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aac.2023.09.004","article-title":"Recent\nAdvances in the Natural Products-Based Lead Discovery for New Agrochemicals","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Agrochem"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026100711074051600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12112792","article-title":"The Progress\ntowards\nNovel Herbicide Modes of Action and Targeted Herbicide Development","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026100711074051600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2020.06.011","article-title":"Plastoquinone\nIn and Beyond Photosynthesis","volume":"25","author":"Havaux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100711074051600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aac.2023.05.001","article-title":"Discovery\nof Tetrazolium Nicotinamide\nDerivatives as Novel 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibiting-Based\nHerbicides","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Agrochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100711074051600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-023-01034-w","article-title":"The Cytochrome\nB6f Complex: Plastoquinol Oxidation and Regulation of Electron Transport\nin Chloroplasts","volume":"159","author":"Tikhonov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"2026100711074051600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2013.12.011","article-title":"The Cytochrome\nB6f Complex at the Crossroad of Photosynthetic Electron Transport\nPathways","volume":"81","author":"Tikhonov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100711074051600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-020-00853-w","article-title":"A Non-Photosynthetic\nGreen Alga Illuminates the Reductive Evolution of Plastid Electron\nTransport Systems","volume":"18","author":"Kayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100711074051600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.13993","article-title":"Chemical Quenching of Singlet Oxygen\nby Plastoquinols and Their Oxidation Products in Arabidopsis","volume":"95","author":"Ferretti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100711074051600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13202","article-title":"The Plastoquinone\nPool Outside the Thylakoid Membrane Serves in Plant Photoprotection\nas a Reservoir of Singlet Oxygen Scavengers","volume":"41","author":"Ksas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant, Cell Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100711074051600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aac.2024.09.004","article-title":"Discovery\nof 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitors with Novel Pharmacophores","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Agrochem"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"2026100711074051600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20021311","article-title":"Cloning and\nKinetic Characterization of Arabidopsis Thaliana Solanesyl Diphosphate\nSynthase","volume":"370","author":"Hirooka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026100711074051600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pch211","article-title":"Identification\nand Subcellular Localization of Two Solanesyl Diphosphate Synthases\nfrom Arabidopsis Thaliana","volume":"45","author":"Jun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100711074051600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erq103","article-title":"Two Solanesyl\nDiphosphate Synthases\nwith Different Subcellular Localizations and Their Respective Physiological\nRoles in Oryza Sativa","volume":"61","author":"Ohara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100711074051600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5781","article-title":"Aclonifen Targets Solanesyl\nDiphosphate Synthase, Representing a Novel Mode of Action for Herbicides","volume":"76","author":"Kahlau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pest Manage. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100711074051600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-025-02184-6","article-title":"Structural\nInsights into the Molecular Mechanisms of OsFBN5-Induced OsSPS3 Catalysis","volume":"12","author":"Xiao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"2026100711074051600_cit22","unstructured":"Dale, R.; Wailes, J. S.; Seville, A. M.; Noble, C. G.; Batchelor, A. K.; Goodwin, L. J.; Blain, R. E.; Horta Simoes, M. A.; Brocklehurst, D.; Langford, M. P.\n          Compositions\nand Methods\nfor Weed Control; WO 2,020,236,790 A3, 2021."},{"issue":"36","key":"2026100711074051600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11075","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c07910","article-title":"A Competitive\nEdge: Competitor Inspired Scaffold Hopping in Herbicide Lead Optimization","volume":"70","author":"Barber","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100711074051600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6330","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8972","article-title":"Dual Mode of Action Herbicide Rimisoxafen Targets Both\nPhytoene Desaturase\nand Solanesyl Diphosphate Synthase","volume":"81","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pest Manage.\nSci."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026100711074051600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6934","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv623","article-title":"The XRCC1\nPhosphate-Binding Pocket\nBinds Poly (ADP-Ribose) and Is Required for XRCC1 Function","volume":"43","author":"Breslin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100711074051600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909047337","article-title":"XDS","volume":"66","author":"Kabsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr., Sect. D: Biol. Crystallogr."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026100711074051600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444904019158","article-title":"Coot: Model-Building\nTools for Molecular Graphics","volume":"60","author":"Emsley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr.,\nSect. D: Biol. Crystallogr."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100711074051600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909052925","article-title":"PHENIX: A Comprehensive Python-Based System\nfor Macromolecular Structure Solution","volume":"66","author":"Adams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta\nCrystallogr., Sect. D: Biol. Crystallogr."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026100711074051600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084","article-title":"UCSF Chimera\u2013a\nVisualization\nSystem for Exploratory Research and Analysis","volume":"25","author":"Pettersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100711074051600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2006.06.010","article-title":"Visualizing Density Maps with UCSF\nChimera","volume":"157","author":"Goddard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Struct Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100711074051600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31710-9","article-title":"Probing Strigolactone\nPerception Mechanisms with Rationally Designed Small-Molecule Agonists\nStimulating Germination of Root Parasitic Weeds","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026100711074051600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21256","article-title":"AutoDock4\nand AutoDockTools4: Automated\nDocking with Selective Receptor Flexibility","volume":"30","author":"Morris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026100711074051600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7835","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.5c01063","article-title":"Recent Developments in Amber Biomolecular Simulations","volume":"65","author":"Case","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"2026100711074051600_cit34","unstructured":"Frisch, M. J.; Trucks, G. W.; Schlegel, H. B.; Scuseria, G. E.; Robb, M. A.; Cheeseman, J. R.; Scalmani, G.; Barone, V.; Petersson, G. A.; Nakatsuji, H.; et al.; Gaussian 16, Revision B.01; Gaussian, Inc., 2016."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026100711074051600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c00796","article-title":"Discovery\nof N-Phenylaminomethylthioacetylpyrimidine-2,4-Diones as Protoporphyrinogen\nIX Oxidase Inhibitors through a Reaction Intermediate Derivation Approach","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"2026100711074051600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.04.016","article-title":"Redox\nEnvironment in\nStem and Differentiated Cells: A Quantitative Approach","volume":"12","author":"Lyublinskaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026100711074051600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated\nEstimation of Fold Change\nand Dispersion for RNA-Seq Data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"2026100711074051600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aac.2026.05.005","article-title":"Rational Design of Dual-Targeting Solanesyl Diphosphate\nSynthase\nand Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors","author":"Xiao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Agrochem"}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural\nand Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c09571","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/39\/30502\/68678740\/acs.jafc.6c09571.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/39\/30502\/68678740\/acs.jafc.6c09571.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:50:32Z","timestamp":1791388232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/74\/39\/30502\/5440105\/Structural-Basis-of-Solanesyl-Diphosphate-Synthase"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"39","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c09571","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]}}}