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During adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells, RK (300 \u03bcM) significantly reduced lipid accumulation and downregulated the expression of CCAAT\/enhancer-binding protein \u03b1 (C\/EBP\u03b1), peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor \u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and fatty acid synthase (FAS). RK also reduced the expression of light chain 3B (LC3B), autophagy-related protein 12 (Atg12), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and phosphorylated-tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), whereas it increased the level of p62 and phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Daily administration of RK decreased the body weight (ovariectomy [Ovx] + RK, 352.6 \u00b1 5 vs Ovx, 386 \u00b1 5.8 g; P &amp;lt; 0.05), fat mass (Ovx + RK, 3.2 \u00b1 0.05 vs Ovx, 5.0 \u00b1 0.4 g; P &amp;lt; 0.05), and fat cell size (Ovx + RK, 6.4 \u00b1 0.6 vs Ovx, 11.1 \u00b1 0.7 \u00d7 103 \u03bcm2; P &amp;lt; 0.05) in Ovx-induced obesity in rats. The expression of PPAR\u03b3, C\/EBP\u03b1, FAS, and FABP4 was significantly reduced in the Ovx + RK group compared with that in the Ovx group. Similar patterns were observed in autophagy-related proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins. These results suggest that RK inhibited lipid accumulation by regulating autophagy in 3T3-L1 cells and Ovx-induced obese rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b03831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T07:08:41Z","timestamp":1511334521000},"page":"10907-10914","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Raspberry Ketone Reduced Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1\nCells and Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity in Wistar Rats by Regulating\nAutophagy Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Sy-Ying","family":"Leu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , ,","place":["Taipei, Taiwan, 114"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center , , ,","place":["Taipei, Taiwan, 114"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung-Chieh","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chi-Mei Medical Center , , ,","place":["Tainan, Taiwan"]},{"name":"Taipei Medical University , , ,","place":["Taipei, Taiwan, 11031"]},{"name":"Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science , , ,","place":["Tainan, Taiwan, 71710"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Wen","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , ,","place":["Taipei, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hsiung","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , , ,","place":["Taipei, Taiwan, 114"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Mei","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Defense Medical Center , , ,","place":["Taipei, Taiwan, 114"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1090-6039","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pao-Yun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center , , ,","place":["Taipei, Taiwan, 114"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090218042558400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2011.47.12.1718738","article-title":"Phentermine\/topiramate\nfor weight reduction and treatment\nof adverse metabolic consequences in obesity","volume":"47","author":"Bays","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"2026090218042558400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281361","article-title":"Long-term drug treatment for obesity: A systematic\nand clinical review","volume":"311","author":"Yanovski","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026090218042558400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20271","article-title":"Associations\nbetween juvenile delinquency\nand weight-related variables: analyses from a national sample of high\nschool students","volume":"39","author":"Ho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. 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