{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:12:34Z","timestamp":1788390754373,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"26","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid (PCA), a metabolite of the fungicide fluopyram, on grapevine. During spring and summer 2015, grapevine growth disorders were observed in several countries in Europe. An unprecedented herbicide-like damage was diagnosed on leaves and flowers, causing significant loss of harvest. This study proposes PCA as the causing agent of the observed growth disorders. PCA was shown to cause leaf epinasty, impaired berry development that leads to crop loss, and root growth anomalies in Vitis vinifera similar to auxin herbicides in a dose-dependent manner. Using both field trials and greenhouse experiments, the present study provides first evidence for a link between the application of fluopyram in vineyards 2014, the formation of PCA, and the emergence of growth anomalies in 2015. Our data could be useful to optimize dosage, application time point, and other conditions for an application of fluopyram without phytotoxic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b05567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T15:25:31Z","timestamp":1560180331000},"page":"7223-7231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["3-Chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-carboxylic\nacid, a Metabolite of the Fungicide Fluopyram, Causes Growth Disorder\nin\n                    <i>Vitis vinifera<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Robatscher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laimburg Research Centre , Laimburg 6 , Pfatten (Vadena), (Ora), ,","place":["Auer, South Tyrol, Italy, IT-39040"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Eisenstecken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laimburg Research Centre , Laimburg 6 , Pfatten (Vadena), (Ora), ,","place":["Auer, South Tyrol, Italy, IT-39040"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Innerebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laimburg Research Centre , Laimburg 6 , Pfatten (Vadena), (Ora), ,","place":["Auer, South Tyrol, Italy, IT-39040"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Roschatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laimburg Research Centre , Laimburg 6 , Pfatten (Vadena), (Ora), ,","place":["Auer, South Tyrol, Italy, IT-39040"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Raifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laimburg Research Centre , Laimburg 6 , Pfatten (Vadena), (Ora), ,","place":["Auer, South Tyrol, Italy, IT-39040"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Rohregger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Tyrolean Extension Service for Fruit- and Winegrowing , Via Andreas Hofer 9\/1 , , ,","place":["Lana, South Tyrol, Italy, IT-39011"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hansjo\u0308rg","family":"Hafner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Tyrolean Extension Service for Fruit- and Winegrowing , Via Andreas Hofer 9\/1 , , ,","place":["Lana, South Tyrol, Italy, IT-39011"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9989-7297","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Oberhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laimburg Research Centre , Laimburg 6 , Pfatten (Vadena), (Ora), ,","place":["Auer, South Tyrol, Italy, IT-39040"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit1","unstructured":"International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV).\n          .  2018 World\nVitiviniculture Situation: OIV Statistical Report on World Vitiviniculture; OIV: Paris, France, 2018; http:\/\/www.oiv.int\/public\/medias\/6371\/oiv-statistical-report-on-world-vitiviniculture-2018.pdf (accessed May 8, 2019)."},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.14601\/Phytopathol_Mediterr-9360","article-title":"Plasmoparaviticola: A review of knowledge\non downy mildew of grapevine and effective disease management","volume":"50","author":"Gessler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Mediterr."},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.46.081407.104740","article-title":"The powdery\nmildews: A review of the world\u2019s most familiar (yet poorly\nknown) plant pathogens","volume":"46","author":"Glawe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phytopathol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090218124894200_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2007.00417.x","article-title":"Botrytis cinerea: The cause of grey mould disease","volume":"8","author":"Williamson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090218124894200_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b01813","article-title":"Pesticide\ninteractions: Mechanisms, benefits, and risks","volume":"65","author":"Casida","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090218124894200_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-012-9719-8","article-title":"Fungicide\nimpacts on photosynthesis in crop plants","volume":"111","author":"Petit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photosynth.\nRes."},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2016.10.027","article-title":"Sensitivity of cold-climate\nwine\ngrape cultivars to copper, sulfur, and difenoconazole fungicides","volume":"92","author":"McManus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090218124894200_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/01140671.2003.9514249","article-title":"Growth\nand fruit\nquality of \u2018Braeburn\u2019 apple (Malus domestica) trees\nas influenced by fungicide programmes suitable for organic production","volume":"31","author":"Palmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Crop Hortic. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090218124894200_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.2388","article-title":"Setting of new MRLs and import tolerances for fluopyram in various\ncrops","volume":"9","author":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).","year":"2011","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit10","unstructured":"Weather Service.\n          .  The Daily, Monthly and Annual\nData of Representative Weather\nStations in the Autonomous Province of Bozen; Weather Service: Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, 2018; http:\/\/weather.provinz.bz.it\/historical-data.asp (accessed Sept 13, 2018)."},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit11","first-page":"125","article-title":"Untersuchungen\nzu den Wuchs- und Blu\u0308hsto\u0308rungen im Weinbau 2015: Abbauprodukt\ndes Fungizids Fluopyram (LUNA PRIVILIGE) als Ursache","volume-title":"Deutsches Weinbaujahrbuch 2017","author":"Robatscher","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit29","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).\n          .  Draft Assessment Report Fluopicolide; EFSA: Parma, Italy, Nov, 1, 2005; Vol. 3, Annex B, B.7.\nResidue Data, p 552, http:\/\/dar.efsa.europa.eu\/dar-web\/provision (accessed Aug 31, 2018)."},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444327793.ch7","article-title":"Auxin-type\nherbicides","volume-title":"Herbicides and Plant Physiology","author":"Cobb","year":"2010","edition":"2"},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit13","first-page":"111","article-title":"Mechanism of action\nof natural auxins and the auxinicherbicides","volume-title":"Herbicide Activity: Toxicology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","author":"Sterling","year":"1997","edition":"1"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090218124894200_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-003-0020-0","article-title":"Mediation\nof herbicide effects by hormone interactions","volume":"22","author":"Grossmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit15","first-page":"247","article-title":"Herbicides","volume-title":"Plant Toxicology","author":"Fedtke","year":"2005","edition":"4"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090218124894200_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.12131","article-title":"Insight into\nthe mode of action of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as an\nherbicide","volume":"56","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1860","article-title":"Auxin herbicides:\nCurrent status of mechanismandmode of action","volume":"66","author":"Grossmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pest Manage. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090218124894200_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1139\/cjps-2016-0008","article-title":"First report: Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) resistance to auxinic herbicides","volume":"96","author":"Mangin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J.\nPlant Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090218124894200_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-9016-2014-0360","article-title":"Auxinic herbicides, mechanisms of\naction, and weed resistance: A look into recent plant science advances","volume":"72","author":"Christoffoleti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Agric."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090218124894200_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mci083","article-title":"Auxin: Regulation, action, and interaction","volume":"95","author":"Woodward","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090218124894200_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.03.001","article-title":"Auxin: A trigger for change in plant development","volume":"136","author":"Vanneste","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090218124894200_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2007.04.002","article-title":"Recent developments in auxin biology\nand new opportunities\nfor auxinic herbicide research","volume":"89","author":"Kelley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem.\nPhysiol."},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03543","article-title":"The F-box protein TIR1\nis anauxin\nreceptor","volume":"435","author":"Dharmasiri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.05.014","article-title":"Plant development is\nregulated by a family of auxin\nreceptorF box proteins","volume":"9","author":"Dharmasiri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03542","article-title":"The Arabidopsis TIR1\nprotein is an auxinreceptor","volume":"435","author":"Kepinski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05731","article-title":"Mechanism of auxinperceptionby\nthe TIR1 ubiquitinligase","volume":"446","author":"Tan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit27","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).\n          .  Draft Assessment Report Fluopyram; EFSA: Parma, Italy, Aug 15, 2011; Vol. 3, Annex B, B.7\nResidue Data, pp 23\u201324, http:\/\/dar.efsa.europa.eu\/dar-web\/provision (accessed Aug 31, 2018)."},{"key":"2026090218124894200_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-419987-3.00002-9","article-title":"Phenology and\nGrowth Cycle","volume-title":"The Science of Grapevines\nAnatomy and Physiology","author":"Keller","year":"2015","edition":"2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b05567","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/67\/26\/7223\/67030192\/acs.jafc.8b05567.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/67\/26\/7223\/67030192\/acs.jafc.8b05567.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:13:05Z","timestamp":1788387185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/67\/26\/7223\/1369900\/3-Chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-carboxylic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"26","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b05567","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]}}}