{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T23:46:59Z","timestamp":1794008819992,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM71896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM71896"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Identifying and purchasing new small molecules to test in biological assays are enabling for ligand discovery, but as purchasable chemical space continues to grow into the tens of billions based on inexpensive make-on-demand compounds, simply searching this space becomes a major challenge. We have therefore developed ZINC20, a new version of ZINC with two major new features: billions of new molecules and new methods to search them. As a fully enumerated database, ZINC can be searched precisely using explicit atomic-level graph-based methods, such as SmallWorld for similarity and Arthor for pattern and substructure search, as well as 3D methods such as docking. Analysis of the new make-on-demand compound sets by these and related tools reveals startling features. For instance, over 97% of the core Bemis\u2013Murcko scaffolds in make-on-demand libraries are unavailable from \u201cin-stock\u201d collections. Correspondingly, the number of new Bemis\u2013Murcko scaffolds is rising almost as a linear fraction of the elaborated molecules. Thus, an 88-fold increase in the number of molecules in the make-on-demand versus the in-stock sets is built upon a 16-fold increase in the number of Bemis\u2013Murcko scaffolds. The make-on-demand library is also more structurally diverse than physical libraries, with a massive increase in disc- and sphere-like shaped molecules. The new system is freely available at zinc20.docking.org.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.0c00675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T11:56:13Z","timestamp":1603972573000},"page":"6065-6073","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1042,"title":["ZINC20\u2500A Free Ultralarge-Scale Chemical Database for Ligand Discovery"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1195-6417","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John J.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco , , 1700 4th St, Mailcode 2330, Room BH508A , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158-2330"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khanh G.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco , , 1700 4th St, Mailcode 2330, Room BH508A , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158-2330"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco , , 1700 4th St, Mailcode 2330, Room BH508A , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158-2330"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinzorig","family":"Dandarchuluun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco , , 1700 4th St, Mailcode 2330, Room BH508A , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158-2330"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin R.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco , , 1700 4th St, Mailcode 2330, Room BH508A , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158-2330"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munkhzul","family":"Khurelbaatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco , , 1700 4th St, Mailcode 2330, Room BH508A , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158-2330"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurii S.","family":"Moroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemspace LLC , 85 Chervonotkatska Street, Suite 1 , ,","place":["Kyiv, Ukraine, 02094"]},{"name":"Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , ,","place":["Kyiv, Ukraine, 01601"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7730-2646","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John","family":"Mayfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NextMove Software Ltd, Innovation Centre , 320 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , ,","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB4 0WG"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger A.","family":"Sayle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NextMove Software Ltd, Innovation Centre , 320 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , ,","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB4 0WG"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092806071025400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0917-9","article-title":"Ultra-Large Library Docking for Discovering New Chemotypes","volume":"566","author":"Lyu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026092806071025400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2027-0","article-title":"Virtual Discovery of Melatonin Receptor Ligands to Modulate Circadian Rhythms","volume":"579","author":"Stein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026092806071025400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1021\/ci049714+","article-title":"Zinc--a Free Database of Commercially Available Compounds for Virtual Screening","volume":"45","author":"Irwin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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