{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:54:50Z","timestamp":1787072090257,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. The current standard of care for CHC can achieve cure rates above 95%; however, the drugs in current use are administered for a period of 8\u201316 weeks. A combination of safe and effective drugs with a shorter treatment period is highly desirable. We report synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 2\u2032,3\u2032- and 2\u2032,4\u2032-substituted guanosine nucleotide analogues. Their triphosphates exhibited potent inhibition of the HCV NS5B polymerase with IC50 as low as 0.13 \u03bcM. In the HCV replicon assay, the phosphoramidate prodrugs of these analogues demonstrated excellent activity with EC50 values as low as 5 nM. A lead compound AL-611 showed high levels of the nucleoside 5\u2032-triphosphate in vitro in primary human hepatocytes and in vivo in dog liver following oral administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T16:04:52Z","timestamp":1597939492000},"page":"10380-10395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Synthesis and Anti-HCV\nActivity of Sugar-Modified\nGuanosine Analogues: Discovery of\n                    <b>AL-611<\/b>\n                    as an HCV NS5B\nPolymerase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Guangyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2330-7606","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Natalia","family":"Dyatkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3365-4436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marija","family":"Prhavc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Serebryany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WuXi AppTec , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200131"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WuXi AppTec , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200131"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WuXi AppTec , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200131"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongqian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd. , No. 6, TaiHe Road, BDA , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100176"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wensheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd. , No. 6, TaiHe Road, BDA , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100176"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek K.","family":"Rajwanshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Deval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhinan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-0319","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antitsa","family":"Stoycheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kusum","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuen","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Jekle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Beigelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen BioPharma, Inc. , 260 E. Grand Avenue , , ,","place":["South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit1","unstructured":"HCV Guidance: Recommendations\nfor Testing, Managing, and Treating\nHepatitis C. http:\/\/www.hcvguidelines.org (accessed May 8, 2020)."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.04.008","article-title":"Beyond\nsofosbuvir: what opportunity exists for a better nucleoside\/nucleotide\nto treat hepatitis C?","volume":"107","author":"Sofia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i26.4759","article-title":"Eight-week ledipasvir\/ sofosbuvir\nin non-cirrhotic,\ntreatment-nai\u0308ve hepatitis C genotype-1 patients with hepatitis\nC virus-RNA &lt; 6 million: single center, real world effectiveness\nand safety","volume":"23","author":"Latt","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit4a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.04.004","article-title":"The evolution of\nnucleoside analogue antivirals: a review for chemists and non-chemists.\nPart 1: Early structural modifications to the nucleoside scaffold","volume":"154","author":"Seley-Radtke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit4b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.11.016","article-title":"The evolution of antiviral nucleoside\nanalogues: a review for chemists and non-chemists. Part II: Complex\nmodification to the nucleoside scaffold","volume":"162","author":"Yates","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antiviral\nRes."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/b135974_22","article-title":"Viral DNA polymerase\ninhibitors","volume-title":"Viral Genome Replication","author":"Andrei","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit5b","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/b135974_23","article-title":"Viral RNA polymerase inhibitors","volume-title":"Viral Genome Replication","author":"Appleby","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1021\/jm201384j","article-title":"Nucleoside,\nnucleotide, and non-nucleoside inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B\nRNA-dependent RNA-polymerase","volume":"55","author":"Sofia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01335-10","article-title":"INX-08189, a phosphoramidate\nprodrug of 6-O-methyl-2\u2019-C-methyl guanosine, is a potent inhibitor\nof hepatitis C virus replication with excellent pharmacokinetic and\npharmacodynamic properties","volume":"55","author":"Vernachio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents\nChemother."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27488","article-title":"Cardiac\ndysfunction associated with a nucleotide polymerase inhibitor for\ntreatment of hepatitis C","volume":"62","author":"Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1021\/ml100209f","article-title":"Discovery\nof PSI-353661, a novel purine nucleotide prodrug for the treatment\nof HCV infection","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2010.10.035","article-title":"2\u2019-Deoxy-2\u2019-\u03b1-fluoro-2\u2019-\n-C-methyl 3\u2019,5\u2019-cyclic phosphate nucleotide prodrug\nanalogs as inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase: discovery of PSI-352938","volume":"20","author":"Reddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3782","DOI":"10.1021\/jo200060f","article-title":"Stereoselective Synthesis of PSI-352938:\nA \u03b2-d-2\u2032-Deoxy-2\u2032-\u03b1-fluoro-2\u2032-\u03b2-C-methyl-3\u2032,5\u2032-cyclic\nPhosphate Nucleotide Prodrug for the Treatment of HCV","volume":"76","author":"Reddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227104","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of AT-527,\na novel guanosine\nnucleotide prodrug with potent, pan-genotypic activity against hepatitis\nC virus","volume":"15","author":"Good","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.04.005","article-title":"Structure-activity relationship analysis\nof mitochondrial toxicity caused by antiviral ribonucleoside analogs","volume":"143","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204974","article-title":"Safety, tolerability,\nand pharmacokinetics of AL-335 in healthy volunteers and hepatitis\nC virus-infected subjects","volume":"13","author":"McClure","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(17)30429-4","article-title":"Short duration treatment\nwith AL-335 and odalasvir, with or without simeprevir, in treatment\nnai\u0308ve patients with hepatitis C infection with or without cirrhosis","volume":"66","author":"Gane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(17)30159-0","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of an 8-week regimen of grazoprevir\nplus ruzasvir plus uprifosbuvir compared with grazoprevir plus elbasvir\nplus uprifosbuvir in participants without cirrhosis infected with\nhepatitis C virus genotypes 1, 2, or 3 (C-CREST-1 and C-CREST-2, part\nA): two randomised, phase 2, open-label trials","volume":"2","author":"Gane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1002\/hlca.201200099","article-title":"Synthesis\nof 3\u2019,5\u2019-cyclic\nphosphate and thiophosphate esters of 2\u2019-C-methyl ribonucleosides","volume":"95","author":"Leisvuori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Helv. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit18","unstructured":"Blatt, L. M.; Beigelman, L.; Dyatkina, N.; Symons, J. A.; Smith, D. B.\n          Substituted\nNucleosides, Nucleotides and Analogs Thereof. U.S.\nPatent 20,150,366,887 A1, 2015."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit19","unstructured":"Harvey, C.; Wucherpfennig, K.; Pyrdol, J.; Dranoff, G.\n          Methods for treating\ncancer with anti bip or anti mica antibodies. WO 2015179627\nA1, 2015."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit20","unstructured":"Surleraux, D.; Gosselin, G.\n          Compounds and\nPharmaceutical Compositions for Treatment of Viral Infections. TW I515000\nB, 2016."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00880a018","article-title":"4\u2019-Substituted nucleosides.\n3. Synthesis of some 4\u2019-fluorouridine derivatives","volume":"41","author":"Owen","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4611","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b01933","article-title":"Synthesis\nand anti-influenza activity of pyridine, pyridazine, and pyrimidine\nC-nucleosides as favipiravir (T-705) analogues","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4555","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b00143","article-title":"Synthesis\nand anti-HCV activities of 4\u2019-fluoro-2\u2019-substituted\nuridine triphosphates and nucleotide prodrugs: discovery of 4\u2019-fluoro-2\u2019-\nC-methyluridine 5\u2019-phosphoramidate prodrug (AL-335) for the\ntreatment of hepatitis C infection","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med.\nChem."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00111a040","article-title":"Synthesis and antiviral and cytostatic\nproperties of 3\u2019-deoxy-3\u2019-fluoro- and 2\u2019-azido-3\u2019-fluoro-2\u2019,3\u2019-dideoxy-D-ribofuranosides\nof natural heterocyclic bases","volume":"34","author":"Mikhailopulo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5758","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200801760","article-title":"Catalytic hydrochlorination of unactivated\nolefins\nwith para-toluenesulfonyl chloride","volume":"47","author":"Gaspar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angew. Chem.,\nInt. Ed."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11693","DOI":"10.1021\/ja062355+","article-title":"Hydrazines and azides\nvia the metal-matalyzed hydrohydrazination and hydroazidation of olefins","volume":"128","author":"Waser","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1021\/jm030424e","article-title":"Structure-activity\nrelationship of purine ribonucleosides for inhibition of hepatitis\nC virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase","volume":"47","author":"Eldrup","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med.\nChem."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit28","unstructured":"Liotta, D. C.; Painter, G. R.; Bluemling, G. R.\n          Nucleotides\nand Nucleosides Therapeutic Composition and Uses Related Thereto. WO\n2014124430 A1, 2014."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.05.012","article-title":"Rational design\nof polymerase inhibitors as antiviral drugs","volume":"71","author":"O\u0308berg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5902","DOI":"10.1021\/jm200650j","article-title":"Adenosine\ndeaminase-like protein 1 (ADAL1): characterization and substrate specificity\nin the hydrolysis of N6- or O6-substituted purine or 2-aminopurine\nnucleoside monophosphates","volume":"54","author":"Murakami","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8632","DOI":"10.1021\/jm2011673","article-title":"Phosphorodiamidates\nas a promising new phosphate prodrug motif for antiviral drug discovery:\napplication to anti-HCV agents","volume":"54","author":"McGuigan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8311","DOI":"10.1021\/jo201492m","article-title":"Synthesis of diastereomerically pure nucleotide phosphoramidates","volume":"76","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004995","article-title":"Molecular\nbasis for the selective inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus\nRNA polymerase by 2\u2019-fluoro-4\u2019-chloromethyl-cytidine\ntriphosphate","volume":"11","author":"Deval","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040206618758524","DOI":"10.1177\/2040206618758524","article-title":"Addressing\nthe selectivity and toxicity of antiviral nucleosides","volume":"26","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antiviral Chem. Chemother."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01922-15","article-title":"Role of\nmitochondrial RNA polymerase in the toxicity of nucleotide inhibitors\nof hepatitis C virus","volume":"60","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1021\/jm5017279","article-title":"Discovery of 4\u2032-chloromethyl-2\u2032-deoxy-3\u2032,5\u2032-di-O-isobutyryl-2\u2032-fluorocytidine\n(ALS-8176), a first-in-class RSV polymerase inhibitor for treatment\nof human respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5424.110","article-title":"Replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNAs in\na hepatoma cell line","volume":"285","author":"Lohmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit38","unstructured":"Chamberlain, S.; Vernachio, J.; Battina, S.; Ramamurty, C. V.; Srinivas Rao, C.; McGuigan, C.; Brancale, A.\n          Substituted\nPurine Nucleosides, Phosphoramidate and Phosphordiamidate Derivatives\nfor Treatment of Viral Infections. U.S. Patent 20,140,286,903\nA1, 2014."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7202","DOI":"10.1021\/jm100863x","article-title":"Discovery of a \u03b2-d-2\u2032-deoxy-2\u2032-\u03b1-fluoro-2\u2032-\u03b2-C-methyluridine\nnucleotide prodrug (PSI-7977) for the treatment of hepatitis C virus","volume":"53","author":"Sofia","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit40","unstructured":"Chamberlain, S.; Hutchins, J.; Medela, K.; McGuigan, C.; Vernachio, J.; Aljarah, M.; Gilles, A.\n          Phosphoramidate\nDerivatives of Guanosine Nucleoside Compounds for Treatment of Viral\nInfections. WO 2010081082 A2, 2010."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3636","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02666-14","article-title":"Efficiency of incorporation and chain\ntermination determines the\ninhibition potency of 2\u2019-modified nucleotide analogs against\nhepatitis C virus polymerase","volume":"58","author":"Fung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents\nChemother."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1107\/s0021889808042726","article-title":"OLEX2: a complete\nstructure solution, refinement and analysis program","volume":"42","author":"Dolomanov","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"2026081810255541100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1107\/s2053229614024218","article-title":"Crystal\nstructure refinement with SHELXL","volume":"71","author":"Sheldrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr.,\nSect. C: Struct. 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