{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T09:46:17Z","timestamp":1793353577093,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"43","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009595","name":"Service Public de Wallonie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2410124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2410124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009595","name":"Service Public de Wallonie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8101 BW-MODULAR 01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8101 BW-MODULAR 01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Positron emission tomography (PET) has become an essential tool in nuclear medicine, driving the continuous development of new radiotracers. Owing to the short half-life of fluorine-18 (110 min), radiotracer production requires fast, robust, and fully automated synthetic protocols. Reactive functional groups present on precursor molecules must be protected to prevent competition during radiofluorination, with deprotection typically achieved under harsh chemical conditions that may compromise automation and lead to partial molecular degradation. Herein, we report a general biocatalytic deprotection strategy based on porcine liver esterase (PLE) as a mild and efficient alternative to conventional chemical methods. Three protecting groups (valerate, pivaloyloxymethyl and pivaloyl ethylidene carbamate) were selected to enable the PLE-deprotection of a broad range of functional groups found in radiotracers and drugs (alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, amines, anilines, sulfonamides). The PivEC protective group of amines, anilines and sulfonamides was specifically developed for allowing an esterase deprotection. This approach was validated across a broad substrate scope and was successfully automated on ORA-Neptis modules for clinically relevant PET tracers, including [18F]FMISO, [18F]CABS13, and [18F]Nifene. This work establishes enzymatic deprotection as a versatile and practical strategy for PET scan application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.6c01636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:01:35Z","timestamp":1791417695000},"page":"14254-14264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mild, Fast, and General Biocatalytic Deprotection Strategies for Automated Fluorine-18 Positron Emission Tomography Radiotracer Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7918-3429","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juliette","family":"Li\u00e9geois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur), Narilis (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), NISM (Namur Institute of Structured Matter) , , Rue de Bruxelles 61 , ,","place":["Namur, Belgium, 5000"]},{"name":"Out-and-Out Chemistry , Rue de la Salette 15 , ,","place":["Neuville, Belgium, 5600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e9vin","family":"Renault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur), Narilis (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), NISM (Namur Institute of Structured Matter) , , Rue de Bruxelles 61 , ,","place":["Namur, Belgium, 5000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur), Narilis (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), NISM (Namur Institute of Structured Matter) , , Rue de Bruxelles 61 , ,","place":["Namur, Belgium, 5000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quynh Nhu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur), Narilis (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), NISM (Namur Institute of Structured Matter) , , Rue de Bruxelles 61 , ,","place":["Namur, Belgium, 5000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoann","family":"Joyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Out-and-Out Chemistry , Rue de la Salette 15 , ,","place":["Neuville, Belgium, 5600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffroy","family":"Kaisin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Out-and-Out Chemistry , Rue de la Salette 15 , ,","place":["Neuville, Belgium, 5600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Maindron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Out-and-Out Chemistry , Rue de la Salette 15 , ,","place":["Neuville, Belgium, 5600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Tadino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Out-and-Out Chemistry , Rue de la Salette 15 , ,","place":["Neuville, Belgium, 5600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6258-9058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"St\u00e9phane P.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur), Narilis (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), NISM (Namur Institute of Structured Matter) , , Rue de Bruxelles 61 , ,","place":["Namur, Belgium, 5000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1039\/d3cs00037k","article-title":"Fluorinated carbohydrates for 18F-positron emission tomography (PET)","volume":"52","author":"Campbell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19225019","article-title":"Sensors for Positron Emission Tomography Applications","volume":"19","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-06-097238","article-title":"The role of FDG-PET scans in patients with lymphoma","volume":"110","author":"Seam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2018.02.006","article-title":"Innovations in Instrumentation for Positron Emission Tomography","volume":"48","author":"Berg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit5","first-page":"345","author":"Livieratos","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluchem.2006.09.015","article-title":"Fluorine-18 and medical imaging: Radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography","volume":"127","author":"Le Bars","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Fluor. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13149","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201907488","article-title":"Late-Stage 18F-Difluoromethyl Labeling of N-Heteroaromatics with High Molar Activity for PET Imaging","volume":"58","author":"Trump","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201805501","article-title":"Chemistry for Positron Emission Tomography: Recent Advances in 11C-, 18F-, 13N-, and 15O-Labeling Reactions","volume":"58","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8998","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200800222","article-title":"Synthesis of 11C, 18F, 15O, and 13N radiolabels for positron emission tomography","volume":"47","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202404957","article-title":"The 18F-Difluoromethyl Group: Challenges, Impact and Outlook","volume":"63","author":"Ford","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9928","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c01824","article-title":"Strategies for Nucleophilic C(sp3)-(Radio)Fluorination","volume":"145","author":"Leibler","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10041","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c02229","article-title":"Ultrafast Photoclick Reaction for Selective 18F-Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Synthesis in Flow","volume":"143","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.2174\/13852728113179990102","article-title":"PET Radiochemistry Automation: State of the Art and Future Trends in 18F-nucleophilic Fluorination","volume":"17","author":"Krasikova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Org. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238178","article-title":"Rapid Purification and Formulation of Radiopharmaceuticals via Thin-Layer Chromatography","volume":"27","author":"Laferriere-Holloway","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202404945","article-title":"Expedient Access to 18F-Fluoroheteroarenes via Deaminative Radiofluorination of Aniline-Derived Pyridinium Salts","volume":"63","author":"Ford","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-021-00385-8","article-title":"The chemical tool-kit for molecular imaging with radionuclides in the age of targeted and immune therapy","volume":"21","author":"Witney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-015-4045-1","article-title":"Automated production and quality testing of [18F]labeled radiotracers using the BG75 system","volume":"305","author":"Anzellotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-012-0356-1","article-title":"Radiotracers for positron emission tomography imaging","volume":"26","author":"Gillings","year":"2013","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Mater. Phy."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2007.07.001","article-title":"Clinical use of FDG PET","volume":"34","author":"Hoh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026103005075147900_cit20","article-title":"NCCN Task Force Report: Positron Emission Tomography (PET)\/Computed Tomography (CT) Scanning in Cancer","volume":"5","author":"Podoloff","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111979","article-title":"Fluorine-18: A radionuclide with diverse range of radiochemistry and synthesis strategies for target based PET diagnosis","volume":"187","author":"Goud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1039\/d2re00219a","article-title":"A practical guide to automating fluorine-18 PET radiochemistry using commercially available cassette-based platforms","volume":"7","author":"Barnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"React. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3700","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1258269","article-title":"A New and Improved Synthesis of the Precursor of the Hypoxia Marker [18F]-FMISO","volume":"2010","author":"Nieto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Synthesis"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25194365","article-title":"Nucleophilic Synthesis of 6-l-[18F]FDOPA Is Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination the Answer?","volume":"25","author":"Krasikova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112629","article-title":"Research progress of 18F labeled small molecule positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents","volume":"205","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s41181-021-00126-z","article-title":"Advances in the automated synthesis of 6-[18F]Fluoro-L-DOPA","volume":"6","author":"Neves","year":"2021","journal-title":"EJNMMI Radiopharm. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.112.112284","article-title":"Production at the Curie level of no-carrier-added 6-18F-fluoro-L-dopa","volume":"54","author":"Libert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0305-9","article-title":"Synthesis of high-molar-activity [18F]6-fluoro-L-DOPA suitable for human use via Cu-mediated fluorination of a BPin precursor","volume":"15","author":"Mossine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00782","article-title":"Synthesis and Evaluation of Benzylic 18F-Labeled N-Biphenylalkynyl Nipecotic Acid Derivatives for PET Imaging of GABA Transporter 1","volume":"16","author":"Knippenberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/s0958-1669(03)00095-8","article-title":"Engineered enzymes for improved organic synthesis","volume":"14","author":"Hult","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c01496","article-title":"Power of Biocatalysis for Organic Synthesis","volume":"7","author":"Winkler","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202309284","article-title":"Novel Biocatalysts from Specialized Metabolism","volume":"63","author":"Kries","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2022.07.001","article-title":"Rapid, high-yield enzymatic synthesis of n.c.a 6-[18F]fluorodopamine (6-[18F]FDA) for in vivo application","volume":"114-115","author":"Bamminger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Biol."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17632","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c03338","article-title":"Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of Fluorine-18-Labeled Disaccharides from [18F] FDG Yield Potent Sensors of Living Bacteria In Vivo","volume":"145","author":"Sorlin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1039\/b919364b","article-title":"An enzymatic route to 5-deoxy-5-[18F]fluoro-D-ribose, a [18F]-fluorinated sugar for PET imaging","volume":"46","author":"Onega","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500209t","article-title":"Enzymatic fluorination and biotechnological developments of the fluorinase","volume":"115","author":"O'Hagan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201700382","article-title":"A New Class of Fluorinated A2A Adenosine Receptor Agonist with Application to Last-Step Enzymatic [18F]Fluorination for PET Imaging","volume":"18","author":"Lowe","year":"2017","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit38","article-title":"A2A Adenosine Receptor Agonists With Last-Step Enzymatic 18F-Labelling Potential (Fluorinase) for Positron Emission Tomography (PET)","volume":"29","author":"Charalambous","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1039\/c9sc05746c","article-title":"The Hitchhiker's guide to biocatalysis: recent advances in the use of enzymes in organic synthesis","volume":"11","author":"Sheldon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/3527607544","volume-title":"Hydrolases in Organic Synthesis","author":"Bornscheuer","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.202300307","article-title":"2-Nitroimidazole Based PET Tracers: Development of a General Synthetic Approach and Fluorination Methodology","volume":"26","author":"Renault","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2017.05.001","article-title":"Clinical Applications of Small-molecule PET Radiotracers: Current Progress and Future Outlook","volume":"47","author":"Vavere","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2015.06.023","article-title":"Preliminary research on 1-(4-bromo-2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)-3-[18F]fluoropropan-2-ol as a novel brain hypoxia PET tracer in a rodent model of stroke","volume":"101","author":"Nieto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(02)00501-3","article-title":"Synthesis, intramolecular migrations and enzymic hydrolysis of partially pivaloylated methyl alpha-D-mannopyranosides","volume":"338","author":"Tomic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118905074","volume-title":"Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis","author":"Wuts","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1002\/adsc.201801691","article-title":"Identification of an Esterase Isolated Using Metagenomic Technology which Displays an Unusual Substrate Scope and its Characterisation as an Enantioselective Biocatalyst","volume":"361","author":"Gavin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Synth. Catal."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51580-4","article-title":"Pig liver esterase PLE1 and PLE6: heterologous expression, hydrolysis of common antiobiotics and pharmacological consequences","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5962","DOI":"10.1039\/c9cc02492a","article-title":"Phosphinate-containing rhodol and fluorescein scaffolds for the development of bioprobes","volume":"55","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-966024","article-title":"Pig Liver Esterase (PLE) as Biocatalyst in Organic Synthesis: From Nature to Cloning and to Practical Applications","volume":"2007","author":"Dom\u00ednguez de Mar\u00eda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Synth."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6414083","article-title":"Supercritical Fluid Chromatography","volume":"222","author":"Gere","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit51","article-title":"Information for the package leaflet regarding ethanol used as an excipient in medicinal products for human use; EMA\/CHMP\/43486\/2018 Corr 1","author":"European Medicines Agency","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809207-1.00005-7","volume-title":"Supercritical Fluid Chromatography","author":"Ashraf-Khorassani","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.057026","article-title":"The presence of ethanol in radiopharmaceutical injections","volume":"49","author":"Serdons","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit54","unstructured":"Joyard, Y.; Tadino, V.; Maindron, N.\n          Collection system for fluid recovery. BE1030296, 2023."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit55","unstructured":"Joyard, Y.; Maindron, N.; Tadino, V.\n          Fluid technology device. BE1030295, 2023."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9368","DOI":"10.1021\/jo701611u","article-title":"Enzymatic Resolution of 7,7\u2032-Dihydroxy-8,8\u2032-biquinolyl Dipentanoate and Its Conversion to 2,2\u2032-Di-tert-butyl-7,7\u2032-dihydroxy-8,8\u2032-biquinolyl","volume":"72","author":"Blakemore","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcatb.2008.02.007","article-title":"Optical resolution of hexamethylbiphenol by cholesterol esterase and porcine pancreas lipase","volume":"55","author":"Takemura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4953","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00195a059","article-title":"Resolution of Binaphthols and Spirobiindanols Using Cholesterol Esterase","volume":"111","author":"Kazlauskas","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.105103","article-title":"Prodrugs: Harnessing chemical modifications for improved therapeutics","volume":"90","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9154","DOI":"10.1021\/cr5002035","article-title":"Synthesis of nucleoside phosphate and phosphonate prodrugs","volume":"114","author":"Pradere","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1039\/a708593a","article-title":"Hydrolytic enzymes in the synthesis of carba-sugars: application of the lipase from Pseudomonas fragi","volume":"1","author":"Tran","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/s0960-894x(03)00377-9","article-title":"A low background high-throughput screening (HTS) fluorescence assay for lipases and esterases using acyloxymethylethers of umbelliferone","volume":"13","author":"Leroy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2009.08.065","article-title":"Effect of potential amine prodrugs of selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on blood\u2013brain barrier penetration","volume":"17","author":"Silverman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2009.03.091","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of carbamate prodrugs of SQ109 as antituberculosis agents","volume":"19","author":"Meng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8621","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.6b01069","article-title":"Discovery of 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) Prodrugs with Enhanced CSF Delivery in Monkeys: A Potential Treatment for Glioblastoma","volume":"59","author":"Rais","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.211","article-title":"Product inhibition kinetics determinations - Substrate interaction affinity and enzymatic kinetics using one quantitative FRET assay","volume":"193","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22071192","article-title":"Assessment of Enzyme Inhibition: A Review with Examples from the Development of Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Drugs","volume":"22","author":"Ramsay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.795","article-title":"Preparation of fluorine-18-labelled fluoromisonidazole using two different synthesis methods","volume":"47","author":"K\u00e4m\u00e4r\u00e4inen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02349874","article-title":"Preparation of [18F]fluoromisonidazole by nucleophilic substitution on THP-protected precursor: Yield dependence on reaction parameters","volume":"240","author":"Patt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1039\/c2md20075a","article-title":"Synthesis and PET imaging studies of [18F]2-fluoroquinolin-8-ol ([18F]CABS13) in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"3","author":"Vasdev","year":"2012","journal-title":"MedChemComm"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.5b00055","article-title":"PET neuroimaging studies of [18F]CABS13 in a double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and nonhuman primates","volume":"6","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11426","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201204687","article-title":"18F labeling of arenes","volume":"51","author":"Tredwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8853","DOI":"10.1039\/d0ra00318b","article-title":"Rhenium(i) complexation-dissociation strategy for synthesising fluorine-18 labelled pyridine bidentate radiotracers","volume":"10","author":"Klenner","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3726","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.5b01703","article-title":"Facile Route to 2-Fluoropyridines via 2-Pyridyltrialkylammonium Salts Prepared from Pyridine N-Oxides and Application to 18F-Labeling","volume":"17","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14020110","article-title":"Tauvid: The First FDA-Approved PET Tracer for Imaging Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"14","author":"Jie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2017.06.032","article-title":"Radiosynthesis of [18F]AV1451 in pharmaceutical conditions and its biological characteristics","volume":"128","author":"Salabert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149600","article-title":"Reduction in [18F]Nifene Binding, a PET imaging Probe for \u03b14\u03b22* Nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors in Hippocampus-Subiculum of postmortem human Alzheimer's disease brain","volume":"1857","author":"Karim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237360","article-title":"[18F]Nifene PET\/CT Imaging in Mice: Improved Methods and Preliminary Studies of \u03b14\u03b22* Nicotinic Acetylcholinergic Receptors in Transgenic A53T Mouse Model of alpha-Synucleinopathy and Post-Mortem Human Parkinson's Disease","volume":"26","author":"Campoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2005.12.017","article-title":"Nicotinic \u03b14\u03b22 receptor imaging agents: part II Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-[18F]fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine (18F-nifene) in rodents and imaging by PET in nonhuman primate","volume":"33","author":"Pichika","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Biol."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.112.103846","article-title":"PET imaging of \u03b14\u03b22* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: quantitative analysis of 18F-nifene kinetics in the nonhuman primate","volume":"53","author":"Hillmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.4071","article-title":"A simplified protocol for the automated production of 2-[18F]fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine ([18F]nifene) on an IBA Synthera module","volume":"67","author":"Bhuiyan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm."},{"key":"2026103005075147900_cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.1533","article-title":"[18F]FPyKYNE, a fluoropyridine-based alkyne reagent designed for the fluorine-18 labelling of macromolecules using click chemistry","volume":"51","author":"Kuhnast","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Organic Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.joc.6c01636","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/joceah\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.joc.6c01636\/68779555\/jo-2026-01636p.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/joceah\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.joc.6c01636\/68779555\/jo-2026-01636p.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T09:16:04Z","timestamp":1793351764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/joceah\/article\/91\/43\/14254\/5446621\/Mild-Fast-and-General-Biocatalytic-Deprotection"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"43","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.joc.6c01636","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3263","1520-6904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3263","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]}}}