{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:34:30Z","timestamp":1786628070387,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025-07708 VR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-07708 VR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016407","name":"F\u00f6rsvarsdepartementet, Sveriges","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A400825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A400825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016407","name":"F\u00f6rsvarsdepartementet, Sveriges","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A401025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A401025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022531","name":"F\u00f6retagsforskarskolan f\u00f6r Samverkan och Innovation, Ume\u00e5 Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022531","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Organophosphate chemicals such as herbicides, pesticides, and nerve agents are harmful even in small amounts, thus requiring methods for rapid ultrasensitive detection. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a leading method for trace-level detection of dissolved chemicals, yet our understanding of the critical influence of the solvent is currently incomplete. Rather than being recognized as a crucial aspect for generating a strong signal enhancement, the solvent is often dismissed as a secondary parameter. This has left the dual impact of solvents on the analyte and SERS substrate properties in relation to SERS largely unexplored. In this work, we evaluated the suitability of common solvents for the detection of nerve agents using SERS on gold nanopillar SERS substrates. Overall, we found large differences in the limit of detection (LOD) between solvents. VX exhibited an LOD of 0.2 ppm in water, compared to 8.7 and 6.3 ppm in ethanol and acetonitrile, respectively, with similar trends for other nerve agents. Dichloromethane and n-hexane were found to be largely ineffective as solvents for SERS in these applications. To explain these differences, we used DFT to model analyte\u2013solvent interactions, showing that high-polarity solvents such as water generate higher electron concentrations in select analyte molecular groups, impacting analyte\u2013substrate interactions. Furthermore, we used Raman mapping, contact angle measurements, and SEM to evaluate solvent\u2013substrate interactions, showing that solvent-dependent capillary forces impact SERS substrate nanogeometry and thus the formation of SERS hotspots. Overall, these results provide insight into the many solvent effects that are relevant to designing future SERS sensing assays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.6c02753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:36:34Z","timestamp":1785854194000},"page":"6343-6355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Solvent\nChoice on SERS Sensing: Solvent\u2013Analyte\nand Solvent\u2013Substrate Effects for Organophosphate and Nerve\nAgent Detection"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0168-0197","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rasmus","family":"O\u0308berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) , ,","place":["Umea\u030a, Sweden, 90621"]},{"name":"Umea\u030a University , , ,","place":["Umea\u030a, Sweden, 90736"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9248-5748","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonas","family":"Segervald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umea\u030a University , , ,","place":["Umea\u030a, Sweden, 90736"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) , ,","place":["Umea\u030a, Sweden, 90621"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9835-3263","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Magnus","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umea\u030a University , , ,","place":["Umea\u030a, Sweden, 90736"]},{"name":"Umea\u030a Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) , ,","place":["Umea\u030a, Sweden, 90736"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1253-4283","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Per Ola","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) , ,","place":["Umea\u030a, Sweden, 90621"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit1","unstructured":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.\n          . Eliminating\nChemical Weapons. https:\/\/www.opcw.org\/our-work\/eliminating-chemical-weapons.\nDate accessed (April 17, 2025)."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00148","article-title":"Nerve Agents: What They Are, How\nThey Work, How to Counter Them","volume":"9","author":"Costanzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(98)00245-8","article-title":"Experimental\nand clinical toxicology of anticholinesterase agents","volume":"102\u2013103","author":"Moretto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.202400098","article-title":"Smart Sensing\nof Nerve Agents","volume":"89","author":"Puglisi","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemPlusChem"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14336","article-title":"Diagnostics and treatment of nerve\nagent poisoning\u2500current\nstatus and future developments","volume":"1479","author":"Amend","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad.\nSci."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit6","unstructured":"Sferopoulos, R.\n          \n          A\nReview of Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) Detector Technologies and Commercial-Off-The-Shelf\nItems. https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/sti\/pdfs\/ADA502856.pdf. 2009 (accessed 19 Aug 2009)."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1021\/ar970154s","article-title":"Chemical\nDetoxification of Nerve Agent VX","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acc. Chem.\nRes."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b04224","article-title":"Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering","volume":"14","author":"Langer","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wfs2.1483","article-title":"Transitioning surface-enhanced\nRaman spectroscopy (SERS)\ninto the forensic drug chemistry and toxicology laboratory: Current\nand future perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Ott","year":"2023","journal-title":"WIREs Forensic Sci."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.6643","article-title":"Characterization of carfentanil and thiofentanil using\nsurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory","volume":"55","author":"O\u0308berg","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Raman Spectrosc."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9373","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c00792","article-title":"Rapid SERS\nQuantification of Trace Fentanyl Laced in Recreational Drugs with\na Portable Raman Module","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10489","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00265","article-title":"SERS Nanoparticles\nin Medicine: From\nLabel-Free Detection to Spectroscopic Tagging","volume":"115","author":"Lane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8957","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CS00090K","article-title":"Biomedical SERS \u2013 the current\nstate and future trends","volume":"53","author":"Cialla-May","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2024.08.022","article-title":"Shining a light on environmental\nscience: Recent advances in SERS technology for rapid detection of\npersistent toxic substances","volume":"153","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c04606","article-title":"Raman Scattering Techniques\nfor Defense and Security Applications","volume":"93","author":"Lister","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal.\nChem."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enmf.2024.08.002","article-title":"On-site trace detection of explosives: From ultra-sensitive\nSERS to integrated detection technology","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energ.\nMater. Front."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.greeac.2022.100034","article-title":"Dual-technique assay\nfor the analysis of organophosphorus\ncompounds for environmental and chemical defense applications","volume":"3","author":"Dowling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Green Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1117\/12.929873","article-title":"Army relevant\nBiological Hazards Detection with Commercial\nSERS substrates","volume":"8460","author":"Farrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10205","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.8b00353","article-title":"Molecular Structure and Solvent Factors\nInfluencing SERS on Planar Gold Substrates","volume":"122","author":"Tripathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.09.209","article-title":"The effect\nof solvent environment toward optimization\nof SERS sensors for pesticides detection from chemical enhancement\naspects","volume":"256","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c03151","article-title":"Ultra-Sensitive\nDetection of Bacterial Spores via SERS","volume":"10","author":"Segervald","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS\nSens."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"OP11","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201103496","article-title":"Large Area Fabrication of Leaning\nSilicon Nanopillars for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"24","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1039\/D2AY00041E","article-title":"Determination of\nlentiviral titer by surface enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"14","author":"Morder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.5840","article-title":"Drop coating deposition Raman scattering\nof selected small molecules of biological importance","volume":"51","author":"Koc\u030cis\u030cova\u0301","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Raman Spectrosc."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"015603","DOI":"10.1088\/1612-202X\/aa981e","article-title":"Rapid thyroid\ndysfunction screening based on serum\nsurface-enhanced Raman scattering and multivariate statistical analysis","volume":"15","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laser Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703376","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201703376","article-title":"Surface Energy-Controlled SERS Substrates\nfor Molecular Concentration at Plasmonic Nanogaps","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527632220.ch7","volume-title":"Solvents and Solvent\nEffects in Organic Chemistry","author":"Reichardt","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6781","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.2c00507","article-title":"Mirror\non the Wall, Which Is the Fairest of Them All? Comparing the Hill,\nSips, Koble\u2013Corrigan, and Liu Adsorption Isotherms","volume":"61","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1039\/C0AN00594K","article-title":"Solution-based direct readout surface enhanced Raman\nspectroscopic (SERS) detection of ultra-low levels of thiram with\ndogbone shaped gold nanoparticles","volume":"136","author":"Saute","year":"2011","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9173","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b02316","article-title":"Lab-on-a-Chip-Surface Enhanced Raman\nScattering Combined with the Standard Addition Method: Toward the\nQuantification of Nitroxoline in Spiked Human Urine Samples","volume":"88","author":"Hidi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1063\/1.462066","article-title":"Density\nfunctional thermochemistry. I. The effect of the exchange only gradient\ncorrection","volume":"96","author":"Becke","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.37.785","article-title":"Development of the Colle-Salvetti\ncorrelation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phys Rev B Condens. Matter"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2614(89)87234-3","article-title":"Results obtained with\nthe correlation energy density functionals of becke and Lee, Yang\nand Parr","volume":"157","author":"Miehlich","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1139\/p80-159","article-title":"Accurate spin-dependent\nelectron\nliquid correlation energies for local spin density calculations: a\ncritical analysis","volume":"58","author":"Vosko","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can. J. Phys."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6796","DOI":"10.1063\/1.462569","article-title":"Electron affinities\nof the first-row atoms revisited. Systematic basis sets and wave functions","volume":"96","author":"Kendall","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2614(96)00917-7","article-title":"Comment\non Comment on Dunning\u2019s correlation-consistent basis sets","volume":"260","author":"Davidson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1063\/1.448975","article-title":"Ab initio effective\ncore potentials for molecular calculations.\nPotentials for K to Au including the outermost core orbitals","volume":"82","author":"Hay","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit38","volume-title":"Gaussian\n16","author":"Frisch","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114110","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3359469","article-title":"Continuous surface\ncharge polarizable continuum models\nof solvation. I. General formalism","volume":"132","author":"Scalmani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem.\nPhys."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.04.010","article-title":"Explosive and chemical threat detection by surface-enhanced\nRaman scattering: A review","volume":"893","author":"Hakonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702053946100","article-title":"Surface-Enhanced Raman\nSpectra of VX and its Hydrolysis Products","volume":"59","author":"Farquharson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl.\nSpectrosc."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32181","article-title":"Evaluation of the SERS performances\nof Tabun and VX\nlabel-free detection in complex and multicomponent fluids","volume":"10","author":"Zappala\u0300","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR06524K","article-title":"Detection\nof nerve gases using surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates\nwith high droplet adhesion","volume":"8","author":"Hakonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.120721","article-title":"Selective\nsurface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of Tabun, VX and Cyclosarin\nnerve agents using 4-pyridine amide oxime functionalized gold nanopillars","volume":"211","author":"Juhlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2026.139507","article-title":"Improved\nSERS-based detection of nerve agents using a highly selective custom\nRaman probe molecule","volume":"453","author":"O\u0308berg","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1039\/b501980j","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive trace\nanalysis of cyanide water pollutant in a PDMS\nmicrofluidic channel using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy","volume":"130","author":"Yea","year":"2005","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2024.136698","article-title":"SERS-integrated centrifugal microfluidic\nplatform for\nthe detection and quantification of Chemical Warfare Agents in single-component\nsolution and mixtures","volume":"422","author":"Zappala\u0300","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.07.009","article-title":"Detecting\nforensic substances using\ncommercially available SERS substrates and handheld Raman spectrometers","volume":"189","author":"Hakonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1366\/000370208786049024","article-title":"Ultraviolet Raman\nSpectra and Cross-Sections of the G-series Nerve Agents","volume":"62","author":"Christesen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.5203","article-title":"Key role of surface\nconcentration on reproducibility and optimization of SERS sensitivity","volume":"48","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Raman Spectrosc."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1021\/op0680082","article-title":"Solvents and\nSolvent Effects: An Introduction","volume":"11","author":"Reichardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Org. Process\nRes. Dev."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00028a019","article-title":"Solvent\neffects. 2. Medium effect\non the structure, energy, charge density, and vibrational frequencies\nof sulfamic acid","volume":"114","author":"Wong","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1953.0057","article-title":"Intensities\nin Raman spectra I. A bond polarizability theory","volume":"217","author":"Long","year":"1953","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A Math. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcms.1601","article-title":"Molecular electrostatic potential\nanalysis: A powerful tool to interpret and predict chemical reactivity","volume":"12","author":"Suresh","year":"2022","journal-title":"WIREs Comput. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maryott, A. A.\n          \n          Circular of the Bureau\nof Standards no. 514: Table of Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids, 1951.","DOI":"10.6028\/NBS.CIRC.514"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5806","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201902526","article-title":"Proof of Concept\nfor Hydrogen Bonding to Gold, Au-H-X","volume":"58","author":"Schmidbaur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew.\nChem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37192","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37192","article-title":"Atmospheric oxidation and carbon\ncontamination of silver and its effect on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy\n(SERS)","volume":"6","author":"Matikainen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-938X(85)90060-5","article-title":"On the\nmechanism of silver and copper sulfidation by atmospheric H2S and\nOCS","volume":"25","author":"Graedel","year":"1985","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1039\/b107318b","article-title":"Assessment\nof silver\nand gold substrates for the detection of amphetamine sulfate by surface\nenhanced Raman scattering (SERS)","volume":"127","author":"Faulds","year":"2002","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17521","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17521","article-title":"Molecular origin of contact line stick-slip motion during droplet\nevaporation","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"072006","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3615640","article-title":"Elastic deformation\ndue to tangential capillary forces","volume":"23","author":"Das","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.02.067","article-title":"Liquid-liquid\nextraction-assisted SERS-based determination of sulfamethoxazole in\nspiked human urine","volume":"1109","author":"Markina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026081308264800400_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.06.008","article-title":"The acute\ntreatment of nerve agent exposure","volume":"249","author":"Cannard","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol.\nSci."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Physical\nChemistry A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jpca.6c02753","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpcafh\/article-pdf\/130\/32\/6343\/66358850\/acs.jpca.6c02753.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpcafh\/article-pdf\/130\/32\/6343\/66358850\/acs.jpca.6c02753.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T12:53:52Z","timestamp":1786625632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpcafh\/article\/130\/32\/6343\/5238564\/Impact-of-Solvent-Choice-on-SERS-Sensing-Solvent"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpca.6c02753","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-5639","1520-5215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-5639","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}}}