{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:03:11Z","timestamp":1791468191492,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, we report drug-induced changes in the mechanical properties of liposomal vesicles. The formulation, composed of l-\u03b1-phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), was prepared using the solvent evaporation method. It was loaded separately with paclitaxel (PLX), doxorubicin (DOX), and the paclitaxel\u2013doxorubicin (PLX\u2013DOX) combination using the transmembrane gradient method. The effect of the incorporation of these payloads was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based spectroscopic experiments. Changes in the rigidity and Young\u2019s modulus of vesicles were recorded. We observed that drug loading caused measurable alterations in the mechanical behavior of vesicles. PLX-loaded vesicles exhibited a greater Young\u2019s modulus than those loaded with DOX. Overall, drug-induced changes in Young\u2019s modulus could be ranked as follows: PLX \u2265 PLX\u2013DOX &amp;gt; DOX. Anticancer activity of the formulation was evaluated against B16\u2013F10 melanoma cells. Using microscopy and flow cytometry, we show that PLX\u2013DOX-loaded liposomal formulations were efficiently internalized into the cells and triggered apoptotic death through synergistic action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.6c03196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:02:10Z","timestamp":1790348530000},"page":"10497-10505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Liposomes Coloaded\nwith Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin:\nAnalyses of Mechanical Characteristics and Synergistic Cytotoxic Action\non Melanoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Deepak","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)\u2500Raebareli , , , ,","place":["Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allikayala","family":"Archana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)\u2500Raebareli , , , ,","place":["Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7898-7974","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)\u2500Raebareli , , , ,","place":["Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026100809091917600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00732","article-title":"Targeted biomimetic\nnanoparticles for synergistic combination chemotherapy of paclitaxel\nand doxorubicin","volume":"14","author":"Rui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. 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Cancer Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100809091917600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.annonc.a010717","article-title":"Combined doxorubicin and paclitaxel\nin advanced breast\ncancer: Effective and cardiotoxic","volume":"7","author":"Gehl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100809091917600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4427","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.4c00316","article-title":"A physiochemical, in vitro, and in\nvivo comparative analysis of verteporfin\u2013lipid conjugate formulations:\nSolid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes","volume":"7","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS\nAppl. 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Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100809091917600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.10.009","article-title":"Determination\nof nonspherical morphology of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes by atomic\nforce microscopy","volume":"107","author":"Takahashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026100809091917600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6129","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR09235E","article-title":"High content, quantitative AFM analysis of the scalable\nbiomechanical properties of extracellular vesicles","volume":"13","author":"Gazze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100809091917600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2003.12.009","article-title":"Effects of lipid\nchain length on molecular interactions\nbetween paclitaxel and phospholipid within model biomembranes","volume":"274","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026100809091917600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2021.126693","article-title":"Mobility of\ndoxorubicin in TPGS micelles\nin response to sodium taurodeoxycholate incorporation: Analyses based\non scattering and fluorescence studies","volume":"622","author":"Sarolia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids\nSurf. A"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100809091917600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-005-5647-z","article-title":"Characterization of drug particle\nsurface energetics and Young\u2019s modulus by atomic force microscopy\nand inverse gas chromatography","volume":"22","author":"Davies","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"2026100809091917600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.74.061914","article-title":"How to determine local elastic properties\nof lipid bilayer membranes from atomic-force-microscope measurements:\nA theoretical analysis","volume":"74","author":"Norouzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"2026100809091917600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.00139","article-title":"Mechanical characterization\nof liposomes and extracellular vesicles, a protocol","volume":"7","author":"Vorselen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"issue":"44","key":"2026100809091917600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27328","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CP02866B","article-title":"Interaction of imidazolium-based\nionic liquids with supported phospholipid bilayers as model biomembranes","volume":"24","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. 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Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"25","key":"2026100809091917600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8901","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NR00311B","article-title":"Fluorescence\nlifetime microscopy unveils the supramolecular organization of liposomal\ndoxorubicin","volume":"14","author":"Tentori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100809091917600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b07302","article-title":"Competition between\nbending and internal pressure governs the mechanics of fluid nanovesicles","volume":"11","author":"Vorselen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026100809091917600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2020.105011","article-title":"Elastic moduli of lipid\nmembranes: Reproducibility of AFM measures","volume":"234","author":"Eid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. 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J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026100809091917600_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2015.08.011","article-title":"Investigation of\nhexadecylphosphocholine\n(miltefosine) usage in pegylated liposomal doxorubicin as a synergistic\ningredient: In vitro and in vivo evaluation in mice bearing C26 colon\ncarcinoma and B16F0 melanoma","volume":"80","author":"Teymouri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. 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