{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:45:29Z","timestamp":1792784729531,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001412","name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024586","name":"Human Resource Development Centre, Council of Scientific And Industrial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Senior Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Senior Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","award":["CRG\/2021\/001515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2021\/001515"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ffdsr55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","award":["STR\/2021\/000029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STR\/2021\/000029"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ffdsr55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology , Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["BT\/PR40128\/BTIS\/137\/43\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR40128\/BTIS\/137\/43\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Essential fatty acids, particularly the \u03c9-3 species such as \u03b1-linolenic acid, are critical nutritional components, with their biosynthetic dysregulation implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. At the molecular scale, unsaturated fatty acids are recognized for their ability to modulate membrane physicochemical properties, primarily fluidity, but these interactions remain mechanistically complex and poorly defined. This study combines atomistic molecular dynamics simulations with depth-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy to systematically evaluate the impact of increasing acyl chain unsaturation on model lipid bilayers. By examining both protonated and deprotonated states, we demonstrate that ionization significantly dictates fatty acid localization within the bilayer, but the differences in membrane properties are relatively less pronounced. Our findings reveal that fatty acid effects are highly anisotropic, resulting in non-uniform perturbations to membrane structural and mechanical profiles. Crucially, the relationship between degree of unsaturation and membrane fluidity is nonlinear. Paradoxically, \u03b1-linolenic acid, despite possessing three double bonds, does not always induce the largest degree of membrane disorder. Instead, fatty acids with lower unsaturation, such as oleic and linoleic acids, could exhibit more pronounced increase in fluidity in a position-dependent manner. This non-monotonic behavior challenges the prevailing assumption in membrane biophysics that unsaturation correlates linearly with disorder, suggesting that existing predictive models require refinement to account for these specific molecular differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.6c03465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:02:27Z","timestamp":1791306147000},"page":"10916-10929","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of \u03b1-Linolenic\nAcid and Its Congeners\non the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Model Membranes"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Sudha","family":"Porte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , ,","place":["Pune, India, 411008"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Ghaziabad, India, 201002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swaratmika","family":"Pandia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sambalpur University , , Jyoti Vihar , , ,","place":["Burla, Odisha, India, 768019"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7499-5707","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hirak","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sambalpur University , , Jyoti Vihar , , ,","place":["Burla, Odisha, India, 768019"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3138-1024","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Durba","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , ,","place":["Pune, India, 411008"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Ghaziabad, India, 201002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101508061347100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.138","article-title":"Understanding the diversity of membrane lipid composition","volume":"19","author":"Harayama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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Fatty Acids"},{"key":"2026101508061347100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2018","article-title":"Free fatty acid receptors\nin health and disease","volume":"100","author":"Kimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"2026101508061347100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2801010","article-title":"Cellular uptake,\nmetabolism and sensing of long-chain fatty acids","volume":"28","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"2026101508061347100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101627","article-title":"Omega- 3 polyunsaturated\nfatty acids (PUFAs): Emerging\nplant and microbial sources, oxidative stability, bioavailability,\nand health benefitsa\u0302\u2500A review","volume":"10","author":"Saini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2026101508061347100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.03.020","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of \u03b1-linolenic acid in M1-like macrophages are associated with enhanced\nproduction of oxylipins from \u03b1-linolenic and\nlinoleic acid","volume":"57","author":"Pauls","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"2026101508061347100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.08.006","article-title":"\u03b1-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an anti-inflammatory\nagent in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"26","author":"Reifen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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B"},{"key":"2026101508061347100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11727","DOI":"10.1021\/jp203498x","article-title":"Atomistic\nmolecular dynamics simulations of the interactions of oleic and 2-hydroxyoleic\nacids with phosphatidylcholine bilayers","volume":"115","author":"Cerezo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\nPhys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026101508061347100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10661","DOI":"10.1021\/la501962n","article-title":"Oleic Acid Phase Behavior from Molecular\nDynamics Simulations","volume":"30","author":"Janke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026101508061347100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6235","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CP04370G","article-title":"Anomalous membrane organization by\nomega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids","volume":"27","author":"Porte","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys. Chem.\nChem. 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