{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:41:33Z","timestamp":1786628493573,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20240302030GX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240302030GX"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62475095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62475095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Carbon electrodes (CEs) have emerged as promising electrodes for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their effective hole extraction capability, excellent stability, and low cost, which are conducive to improving the device stability, simplifying the device structure, and reducing fabrication costs. However, their porous structure, limited conductivity, and interfacial energy level mismatch with perovskites lead to severe charge recombination. To address these issues, we designed \u03b2-cyclodextrin-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (\u03b2-CD\/MWCNTs) to modify a CE, in which \u03b2-CD can chelate Pb2+ ions and passivate defects by the hydroxyl groups and hydrophobic cavities, while MWCNTs enhance the conductivity of the CE. Notably, \u03b2-CD\/MWCNTs act as a molecular bridge, converting the weak contact between the perovskite and CE into enhanced interfacial interaction, facilitating charge extraction and collection. The resulting CsPbBr3-based PSCs achieved a champion PCE of 10.48%. More importantly, the unencapsulated devices retained 84.6% of their initial efficiency after a 1000 h operation stability test in air, along with significantly reduced Pb leakage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c01761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:03:24Z","timestamp":1785935004000},"page":"9457-9463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Easily Prepared\nCarbon Nanotubes Enabling Low Cost\nand Hole Transport Layer Free Perovskite Solar Cells"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , 2699 Qianjin Street , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , 2699 Qianjin Street , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanhua","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , 2699 Qianjin Street , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012"]},{"name":"City University of Hong Kong , , , ,","place":["Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, 999077"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , 2699 Qianjin Street , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7105-0908","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenbin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , 2699 Qianjin Street , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2026081309102685700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/pip.3919","article-title":"Solar Cell\nEfficiency Tables (Version 66)","volume":"33","author":"Green","year":"2025","journal-title":"Progress in\nPhotovoltaics: Research and Applications"},{"key":"2026081309102685700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3390\/inorganics13040123","article-title":"Mitigating Lead Toxicity\nin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Strategies for Sustainable Development","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inorganics"},{"issue":"52","key":"2026081309102685700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202208225","article-title":"Recent Advances in Lead-Safe Perovskite\nSolar Cells","volume":"32","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026081309102685700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7566","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE01898B","article-title":"Stability and reliability of perovskite\ncontaining\nsolar cells and modules: degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies","volume":"17","author":"Baumann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026081309102685700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enceco.2023.02.001","article-title":"Lead pollution:\nImpact on environment and human health\nand approach for a sustainable solution","volume":"5","author":"Raj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental\nChemistry and Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"8066","key":"2026081309102685700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08961-9","article-title":"A Nd@C82\u2013polymer interface\nfor efficient and stable perovskite solar cells","volume":"642","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081309102685700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7212","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b20315","article-title":"Degradation Mechanism of Silver Metal\nDeposited on Lead Halide Perovskites","volume":"12","author":"Svanstro\u0308m","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl.\nMater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026081309102685700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202100292","article-title":"Tailoring\nthe Dimensionality of Hybrid Perovskites in Mesoporous Carbon Electrodes\nfor Type-II Band Alignment and Enhanced Performance of Printable Hole-Conductor-Free\nPerovskite Solar Cells","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"51","key":"2026081309102685700_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57362","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c17046","article-title":"Facilitating the Carrier Transport\nKinetics at the CsPbBr3\/Carbon Interface through SbX3 (X = Cl, Br,\nI) Passivation","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081309102685700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5554","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.1c00232","article-title":"Improving\nthe Interfacial Contact of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes for Perovskite\nSolar Cells","volume":"4","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Applied Energy Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081309102685700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-024-00530-3","article-title":"A high-pressure\nisostatic lamination technique to fabricate versatile carbon electrode-based\nperovskite solar cells","volume":"5","author":"Sutherland","year":"2024","journal-title":"Communications Materials"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026081309102685700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11141","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA03692G","article-title":"Carbon nanotubes to\noutperform metal electrodes in perovskite solar cells via dopant engineering\nand hole-selectivity enhancement","volume":"8","author":"Jeon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of\nMaterials Chemistry A"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026081309102685700_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202422020","article-title":"Revolutionizing\nPerovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Electrodes: Innovations and Economic\nPotential","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"49","key":"2026081309102685700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202518552","article-title":"Fluorinated\nLead-Chelating Molecules\nBoost Performance, Stability, and Safety of Hole Transport Layer-Free\nCarbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"64","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew.\nChem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026081309102685700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16877","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c06108","article-title":"Improved Perovskite\/Carbon\nInterface through Hot-Pressing: A Case Study for CsPbBr3-Based Perovskite\nSolar Cells","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081309102685700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1007\/s42823-025-00935-1","article-title":"Research progress\non perovskite solar\ncells based on organic carbon electrodes","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbon\nLetters"},{"key":"2026081309102685700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2019.110267","article-title":"Enhanced energy\nlevel\nalignment and hole extraction of carbon electrode for air-stable hole-transporting\nmaterial-free CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells","volume":"205","author":"Bu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081309102685700_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.1c01060","article-title":"Effect of Side-Group-Regulated\nDipolar Passivating Molecules on CsPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"6","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Energy Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081309102685700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58672-y","article-title":"Regulating three-layer\nfull carbon electrodes to enhance the cell performance of CsPbI3 perovskite\nsolar cells","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081309102685700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2024.119566","article-title":"Synthesis of VS4 and VO on carbon\nnanofibers for back interface modification in HTL free CsPbBr3-based\nperovskite solar cells","volume":"230","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081309102685700_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12236","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA02014D","article-title":"Efficient and stable carbon-based\nperovskite solar cells enabled by the inorganic interface of CuSCN\nand carbon nanotubes","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Chemistry\nA"},{"issue":"49","key":"2026081309102685700_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202409533","article-title":"Single-Atom Ti Decorated\nCarbon Black and Carbon Nanotubes: Modular Dual-Carbon Electrode for\nOptimizing the Charge Transport Kinetics of Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"34","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"44","key":"2026081309102685700_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30611","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TA05429F","article-title":"Multifunctional additive enables\nlead-adsorbing carbon electrodes for perovskite solar cells","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081309102685700_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9598","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-018-2233-4","article-title":"Photoactive multi-walled\ncarbon nanotubes: synthesis and utilization of benzoin functional\nMWCNTs","volume":"53","author":"Kaynak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"issue":"36","key":"2026081309102685700_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20597","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA06035A","article-title":"Accelerating hole extraction\nby inserting 2D Ti3C2-MXene interlayer to all inorganic perovskite\nsolar cells with long-term stability","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal\nof Materials Chemistry A"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081309102685700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11674","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.0c01675","article-title":"Functionalized\nCNTs as Effective Additives to Improve the Efficiency of Perovskite\nSolar Cells","volume":"3","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Applied Energy Materials"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081309102685700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-023-01181-x","article-title":"Reducing lead toxicity\nof perovskite solar cells with a built-in supramolecular complex","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Sustainability"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081309102685700_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-018-7061-0","article-title":"Impact\nof heavy metals on inhibitory\nconcentration of Escherichia coli\u2500a case study of river Yamuna\nsystem, Delhi, India","volume":"190","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring\nand Assessment"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Physical\nChemistry Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c01761","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpclcd\/article-pdf\/17\/32\/9457\/66380688\/acs.jpclett.6c01761.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpclcd\/article-pdf\/17\/32\/9457\/66380688\/acs.jpclett.6c01761.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:13:41Z","timestamp":1786626821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpclcd\/article\/17\/32\/9457\/5242401\/Easily-Prepared-Carbon-Nanotubes-Enabling-Low-Cost"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c01761","relation":{},"ISSN":["1948-7185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1948-7185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]}}}