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Across electronically distinct walls (graphene, h-BN, and g-C3N4), reducing the gap drives a stepwise evolution from triplet O2 to superoxide-like and spin-quenched peroxo-like states, followed by O\u2013O scission and surface chemisorption. A pressure-gap relation exhibits a sharp signature at the crossover, suggesting the confinement-driven generation of reactive oxygen species without dopants, photons, or external fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c01844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T18:02:05Z","timestamp":1787076125000},"page":"11520-11526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Angstrom-Scale\nConfinement Activates O2 via Spin and Charge Reconfiguration"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chenjiao","family":"Bu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Technology , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310014"]},{"name":"University of Oklahoma , , , ,","place":["Norman, Oklahoma, United States, 73019"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2358-9375","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liangliang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oklahoma , , , ,","place":["Norman, Oklahoma, United States, 73019"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2391-4529","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Technology , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100811162716500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.5b00090","article-title":"The Centrality\nof Chemistry","volume":"1","author":"Bertozzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Cent Sci."},{"key":"2026100811162716500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pc.15.100164.001103","article-title":"Chemical\n+ Electrochemical Electron-Transfer Theory","volume":"15","author":"Marcus","year":"1964","journal-title":"Annu. 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