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Because mature fibril morphologies are separated by high energy barriers, direct interconversion is unlikely. Here, we propose a multipathway aggregation model in which oligomeric nuclei with distinct sizes and chemical potentials seed different fibril morphologies. The abundance and temporal evolution of these polymorphs are governed by pathway-specific fibrillization barriers and fibril stabilities, allowing kinetically favored morphologies to dominate early but to be replaced by more stable forms over time. Differences in nucleus size further introduce concentration dependence, biasing aggregation toward different intermediates and fibril morphologies at low versus high concentrations. This framework helps rationalize the substantial concentration disparity between in vitro experiments and in vivo environments and highlights the importance of considering multipathway, concentration-dependent aggregation in studying amyloidosis and designing antiamyloidosis strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c01930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:01:54Z","timestamp":1787004114000},"page":"9786-9796","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multipathway\nAggregation Drives Concentration-Dependent\nAmyloid Polymorphism and Time-Dependent Morphological Evolution"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5174-4729","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kamal","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University , , , ,","place":["Clemson, South Carolina, United States, 29634"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuzhou","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University , , , ,","place":["Clemson, South Carolina, United States, 29634"]},{"name":"University of Florida , , , ,","place":["Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London , , ,","place":["London, United Kingdom, WC1E 6BT"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2134-0859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pu Chun","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , , 381 Royal Parade , , ,","place":["Parkville, VIC, Australia, 3052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1850-6336","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Feng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University , , , ,","place":["Clemson, South Carolina, United States, 29634"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026090114432769400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3549","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease Dementia:\nConvergence of \u03b1-Synuclein, Tau and Amyloid-\u03b2 Pathologies","volume":"14","author":"Irwin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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