{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:18:10Z","timestamp":1788466690158,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S-PD-24-158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-PD-24-158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic microalgae that contribute nearly a quarter of the global primary production. Knowledge of the mechanisms, networks, and time scales of the excitation transfer is crucial for a deeper understanding of their photosynthetic machinery. Unfortunately, the short excited-state lifetime of photosystem I at room temperature and research focus on isolated structures have limited the development of a complete excitation transfer scheme in intact cells. Here, we address this gap through picosecond time-resolved fluorescence measurements on intact Cyclotella meneghiniana cells obtained from 16 to 130 K and room temperature. Analysis of the data in terms of evolution-associated spectra reveals a complex interplay of excitation transfer, population of fluorescing trapping states, and excitation quenching at the whole-cell level. We show rapid depopulation of all antenna complexes, on the order of 30 ps even at 16 K, indicating a more efficient energy-transfer network in diatoms than in higher plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c02173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T04:01:53Z","timestamp":1787198513000},"page":"10191-10198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mapping the\nEnergy Transfer Network in the Diatom\n                    <i>Cyclotella meneghiniana<\/i>\n                    by Picosecond Time-Resolved\nFluorescence Spectroscopy down to Cryogenic Temperatures"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2125-6366","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lena","family":"Golubewa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University , , Saule\u0307tekio 9-III , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10222"]},{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Saule\u0307tekio 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0852-6579","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yaraslau","family":"Padrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Saule\u0307tekio 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]},{"name":"Jiaxing University , , , ,","place":["Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China, 314001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8020-7201","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marius","family":"Franckevic\u030cius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Saule\u0307tekio 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricija","family":"Zemaityte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Saule\u0307tekio 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]},{"name":"Vilnius University , , Saule\u0307tekio 7 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0541-5806","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simona","family":"Streckaite\u0307","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Saule\u0307tekio 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-1373","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jevgenij","family":"Chmeliov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University , , Saule\u0307tekio 9-III , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10222"]},{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Saule\u0307tekio 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1356-8477","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leonas","family":"Valkunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Saule\u0307tekio 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5999-4538","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruno","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) , ,","place":["Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 91198"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6640-7610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudia","family":"Bu\u0308chel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe University Frankfurt , , Max von Laue-Stra\u00dfe 9 , ,","place":["Frankfurt, Germany, 60438"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5902-0506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrius","family":"Gelzinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University , , Saule\u0307tekio 9-III , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10222"]},{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Saule\u0307tekio 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1029\/95GB01070","article-title":"Production\nand dissolution of biogenic silica in the ocean: Revised global estimates,\ncomparison with regional data and relationship to biogenic sedimentation","volume":"9","author":"Nelson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. 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Acta - Bioenerg."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2018.07.009","article-title":"Energy\ndissipation mechanisms in\nthe FCPb light-harvesting complex of the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana","volume":"1859","author":"Elnour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta\n- Bioenerg."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.8b09253","article-title":"Low-Energy\nChlorophylls in Fucoxanthin Chlorophyll a\/c-Binding Protein Conduct\nExcitation Energy Transfer to Photosystem I in Diatoms","volume":"123","author":"Nagao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5838","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.4c01029","article-title":"Ultrafast Energy\nTransfer in a Diatom\nPhotosystem II Supercomplex","volume":"15","author":"Akhtar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem.\nLett."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2023.149030","article-title":"Fluorescence\nquenching in aggregates of fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein complexes:\nInterplay of fluorescing and dark states","volume":"1865","author":"Gelzinis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim.\nBiophys. Acta - Bioenerg."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2025.102731","article-title":"Excitonic network organization enables\nefficient energy transfer in diatom photosystem I","volume":"6","author":"Akhtar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.4c06894","article-title":"Aggregation-Induced Excitation-Energy Quenching in Fucoxanthin Chlorophyll\na\/c-Binding Proteins from the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum","volume":"129","author":"Ueno","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2009.05.012","article-title":"Ultrafast\nfluorescence study on the\nlocation and mechanism of non-photochemical quenching in diatoms","volume":"1787","author":"Miloslavina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Bioenerg."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2012.09.015","article-title":"Variations in the first steps of\nphotosynthesis for the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana grown under different light conditions","volume":"1827","author":"Chukhutsina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim.\nBiophys. Acta - Bioenerg."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2014.02.021","article-title":"Disentangling\ntwo non-photochemical\nquenching processes in Cyclotella meneghiniana by\nspectrally-resolved picosecond fluorescence at 77K","volume":"1837","author":"Chukhutsina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Bioenerg."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-020-00714-1","article-title":"Adaptation of light-harvesting\nand energy-transfer\nprocesses of a diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to\ndifferent light qualities","volume":"146","author":"Oka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-020-00713-2","article-title":"Adaptation\nof light-harvesting and energy-transfer processes of a diatom Chaetoceros gracilis to different light qualities","volume":"146","author":"Akimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2025.149560","article-title":"Antarctic\nphotosynthesis: energy\ntransfer and charge separation in the diatom Chaetoceros simplex","volume":"1866","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Bioenerg."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(01)75709-8","article-title":"Time-Resolved\nFluorescence Emission Measurements of Photosystem I Particles of Various\nCyanobacteria: A Unified Compartment Model","volume":"81","author":"Gobets","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16045","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2016.45","article-title":"The nature of self-regulation in\nphotosynthetic light-harvesting antenna","volume":"2","author":"Chmeliov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat.\nPlants"},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7340","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.9b03100","article-title":"Aggregation-Related\nNonphotochemical Quenching in the Photosynthetic Membrane","volume":"10","author":"Chmeliov","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.6c00630","article-title":"Whole-cell glycerol-free\nfluorescence\ncryo-spectroscopy reveals electronic excitation dynamics in the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana","author":"Golubewa","year":"2026","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2004.04.011","article-title":"Global and\ntarget analysis of time-resolved spectra","volume":"1657","author":"van Stokkum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochim.\nBiophys. Acta - Bioenerg."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-005-0478-7","article-title":"Origin of the F685 and F695 fluorescence\nin Photosystem\nII","volume":"84","author":"Andrizhiyevskaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5847","DOI":"10.3390\/md13095847","article-title":"Photosynthetic Pigments in Diatoms","volume":"13","author":"Kuczynska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(99)77164-X","article-title":"Spectroscopic Properties of the CP43 Core Antenna Protein\nof Photosystem II","volume":"77","author":"Groot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(94)80483-7","article-title":"Temperature-dependent\ntriplet and\nfluorescence quantum yields of the photosystem II reaction center\ndescribed in a thermodynamic model","volume":"67","author":"Groot","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biophys.\nJ."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(95)80186-4","article-title":"Triplet and\nfluorescing states of the CP47 antenna complex of photosystem II studied\nas a function of temperature","volume":"68","author":"Groot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1021\/jz100560z","article-title":"On the Unusual\nTemperature-Dependent Emission of the CP47 Antenna Protein Complex\nof Photosystem II","volume":"1","author":"Acharya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ers049","article-title":"Properties\nof photosystem I antenna protein complexes\nof the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana","volume":"63","author":"Juhas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11399","DOI":"10.1021\/bi980296+","article-title":"Correlation\nbetween Protein Flexibility and Electron Transfer from QA\u2013\u2022 to QB in PSII Membrane Fragments from Spinach","volume":"37","author":"Garbers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4431","DOI":"10.1021\/ja7099826","article-title":"Light Harvesting in Photosystem II Core Complexes Is\nLimited by the Transfer to the Trap: Can the Core Complex Turn into\na Photoprotective Mode?","volume":"130","author":"Raszewski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6903","DOI":"10.1021\/ja312586p","article-title":"Photosystem\nII Does Not Possess a Simple Excitation Energy Funnel: Time-Resolved\nFluorescence Spectroscopy Meets Theory","volume":"135","author":"Shibata","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am.\nChem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13046","DOI":"10.1021\/bi061249h","article-title":"Subunit Composition\nand Pigmentation of Fucoxanthin-Chlorophyll Proteins in Diatoms: Evidence\nfor a Subunit Involved in Diadinoxanthin and Diatoxanthin Binding","volume":"45","author":"Beer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh0911","article-title":"Inter-subunit\nenergy transfer processes in a minimal plant photosystem II supercomplex","volume":"10","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00446694","article-title":"The development of artificial media\nfor marine algae","volume":"25","author":"Provasoli","year":"1957","journal-title":"Archiv. Mikrobiol"},{"key":"2026090315420044300_cit53","unstructured":"R Development Core Team.\n          .  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