{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:18:18Z","timestamp":1788466698452,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Plan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025H6025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025H6025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52572156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52572156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence drives advances in microdisplays for smart wearables and near-eye applications. This imposes extremely high-performance requirements for small-size pixels, while the miniaturization of conventional LEDs faces bottlenecks, including aggravated sidewall defects and efficiency loss. Quantum dot (QD) light-emitting devices have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation microdisplays. High-precision micro-nano assembly of QD pixels is a key challenge. Traditional techniques, including spin-coating and printing, are poorly compatible with complex functional substrates, limiting their application. Herein, we propose a novel microvia electrostatic adsorption self-assembly (MEAA) strategy. Driven by electrostatic induction, QDs can selectively assemble within nanoscale microvia templates. Monochromatic arrays (42\u202f333 pixels per inch (PPI)) and 2540 PPI full-color arrays were successfully prepared. The rigid and flexible monochromatic devices achieved EQEs of 25.92% and 26.67%, respectively (8467 PPI). The method adapts to any surface without complicated electrodes or external electric fields, providing a new pathway for QD microdisplay fabrication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c02230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T07:45:47Z","timestamp":1787471147000},"page":"10174-10183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultra-High-Resolution Quantum Dot Microdisplays Fabricated\nvia Microvia Electrostatic Adsorption Self-Assembly"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzhou University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350116"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzhou University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350116"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haolin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzhou University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350116"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzhou University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350116"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzhou University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350116"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongshen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzhou University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350116"]},{"name":"Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350108"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youjiang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzhou University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350116"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuibao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzhou University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350116"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tailiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzhou University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350116"]},{"name":"Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350108"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5299-2812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hailong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzhou University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350116"]},{"name":"Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350108"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6074-2490","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fushan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzhou University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350116"]},{"name":"Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350108"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026090315422233000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/s44287-025-00199-x","article-title":"Microdisplay technologies in augmented reality and\nvirtual reality\nheadsets","volume":"2","author":"Sim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Elec. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090315422233000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-020-0268-1","article-title":"Micro-light-emitting\ndiodes with quantum dots in display technology","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Light: Sci. Appl."},{"issue":"34","key":"2026090315422233000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804294","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201804294","article-title":"Stability of Quantum\nDots, Quantum Dot Films, and Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes for\nDisplay Applications","volume":"31","author":"Moon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090315422233000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300359","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202300359","article-title":"Color Revolution:\nProspects and Challenges of Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diode Display\nTechnologies","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"issue":"47","key":"2026090315422233000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2510076","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202510076","article-title":"Ultrahigh-Resolution Full-Color Quantum\nDot LEDs Based on Region-Selective Interfacial Self-Assembly","volume":"35","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"44","key":"2026090315422233000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14125","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c04545","article-title":"High-Performance, High-Resolution Quantum Dot Light-Emitting\nDiodes with Self-Assembly Single-Molecular Interface Modification","volume":"24","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090315422233000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314061","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202314061","article-title":"Multi-Interfacial\nConfined\nAssembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots Quasisuperlattice Microcavities\nfor High-Resolution Full-Color Microlaser Arrays","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090315422233000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-025-01836-5","article-title":"Ultrahigh-resolution\nnanoimprint patterning of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes via capillary\nself-assembly","volume":"20","author":"Cao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"issue":"8057","key":"2026090315422233000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08685-w","article-title":"Downscaling micro- and nano-perovskite\nLEDs","volume":"640","author":"Lian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090315422233000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c22872","article-title":"Self-Assembled\nMonolayer InP Quantum Dots for Direct Photolithographic High-Resolution\nLight-Emitting Devices","volume":"18","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. 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Mater."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090315422233000_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9544","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c18371","article-title":"High-Resolution Quantum\nDot Light-Emitting Diodes by\nElectrohydrodynamic Printing","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater.\nInterfaces"},{"issue":"8109","key":"2026090315422233000_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10333-w","article-title":"Nanoscale transfer-printed\nfull-colour ultrahigh-resolution quantum dot LEDs","volume":"652","author":"Lin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090315422233000_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-024-01496-x","article-title":"Highly\nefficient printed quantum dot light-emitting diodes through ultrahigh-definition\ndouble-layer transfer printing","volume":"18","author":"Yoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090315422233000_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-022-00960-w","article-title":"Ultrahigh-resolution quantum-dot light-emitting diodes","volume":"16","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090315422233000_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.4c02624","article-title":"Breaking the\nUltraviolet Lithography Limit to Achieve\nSubmicron Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Array Devices","volume":"7","author":"Qie","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Lett."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026090315422233000_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22952","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c01588","article-title":"Inkjet Printing\nof Cadmium-Free Quantum Dots-Based Electroluminescent Devices","volume":"17","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. 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Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090315422233000_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16865-7","article-title":"Thermodynamic-driven\npolychromatic quantum dot patterning\nfor light-emitting diodes beyond eye-limiting resolution","volume":"11","author":"Nam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090315422233000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4210","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c01019","article-title":"Direct Optical Lithography of Colloidal\nInP-Based Quantum Dots with\nLigand Pair Treatment","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090315422233000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02567","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202502567","article-title":"Multi-Functional Electrophoretic Deposition for Crosstalk-Free, Ultra-High-Resolution\nFull-Color QLEDs","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2026","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090315422233000_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-024-01601-3","article-title":"Ultrahigh-resolution,\nhigh-fidelity quantum dot pixels patterned by dielectric electrophoretic\ndeposition","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Light: Sci. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090315422233000_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24931-x","article-title":"Large-area patterning\nof full-color\nquantum dot arrays beyond 1000 pixels per inch by selective electrophoretic\ndeposition","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090315422233000_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.4c06769","article-title":"Transferable Self-Assembled\nQuantum Dot Microarrays for High-Resolution Luminescent Applications","volume":"8","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090315422233000_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201203079","article-title":"Electrophoretic\nDeposition of CdSe\/ZnS\nQuantum Dots for Light-Emitting Devices","volume":"25","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv.\nMater."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090315422233000_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12071467","article-title":"Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fouling Capabilities of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)\nDerivative Nanohybrid Coatings on SUS316L Stainless Steel by Electrochemical\nPolymerization","volume":"12","author":"Hsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090315422233000_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-019-02275-2","article-title":"Electrostatically mediated layer-by-layer\nassembly of nitrogen-doped graphene\/PDDA\/gold nanoparticle composites\nfor electrochemical detection of uric acid","volume":"412","author":"Pang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090315422233000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s40843-021-1793-3","article-title":"Efficient\nquantum dot light-emitting\ndiodes with ultra-homogeneous and highly ordered quantum dot monolayer","volume":"65","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. China Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090315422233000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902092","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201902092","article-title":"Suppressing\nFo\u0308rster Resonance Energy Transfer\nin Close-Packed Quantum-Dot Thin Film: Toward Efficient Quantum-Dot\nLight-Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency over 21.6%","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090315422233000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202451","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202202451","article-title":"Unraveling the Energy Transfer Mechanisms in Bi-Color\nand Tri-Color Quantum Dots: toward Efficient White Quantum Dot Light-Emitting\nDiodes","volume":"11","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026090315422233000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14105","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.1c02345","article-title":"Morphology\nof Mixed Langmuir and Langmuir\u2013Schaefer\nMonolayers with Covered CdSe\/CdS\/ZnS Quantum Dots and Arachidic Acid","volume":"37","author":"Gorbachev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090315422233000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20047","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.73798","article-title":"Universal and Nondestructive Direct\nPhotolithography of Colloidal Quantum Dots Using Photocrosslinkable\nPolymer Blends","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090315422233000_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-023-01254-8","article-title":"Recent Advances\nin Patterning Strategies for Full-Color Perovskite Light-Emitting\nDiodes","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c02230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpclcd\/article-pdf\/17\/35\/10174\/67025291\/acs.jpclett.6c02230.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpclcd\/article-pdf\/17\/35\/10174\/67025291\/acs.jpclett.6c02230.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T19:42:27Z","timestamp":1788464547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpclcd\/article\/17\/35\/10174\/5289545\/Ultra-High-Resolution-Quantum-Dot-Microdisplays"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"35","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c02230","relation":{},"ISSN":["1948-7185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1948-7185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]}}}