{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:04:01Z","timestamp":1790863441333,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Carbon beds enhance plasma-assisted CO2 conversion into resources, but are commonly treated as stationary reactant surfaces. Here, we show that nonthermal plasma (NTP) continuously mobilizes and reconstructs carbon, generating a transient near-surface carbonaceous interphase. In this study, we test these properties of carbon beds as enabling selective CO production during CO2 decomposition under low-temperature plasma conditions. Graphene oxide\/chitosan-derived carbons, amorphous carbon, and graphite were examined under CO2 and Ar using gas-phase FTIR, time-resolved SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. GO@CHT-650 displayed the highest CO2 conversion into CO as well as oxygen-scavenging selectivity. Carbonaceous nanodeposits formed under NTP, developed continuously with exposure time, remained confined to the C-surface, and exhibited morphologies and dimensions dependent on the parent carbon structure. Raman analysis showed that the reconstructed phase remained predominantly disordered. These observations link plasma-driven carbon mobility with reactor performance and reveal a catalyst\u2013reactant duality: individual carbon species are consumed stoichiometrically, whereas the dynamically reconstructed interphase persists as the reaction medium. Efficient plasma-assisted CO2 conversion into CO, therefore, requires a transient near-surface carbonaceous interphase created and sustained by the plasma itself.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c02597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:02:09Z","timestamp":1789977729000},"page":"11271-11278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plasma-Driven\nCarbon Mobilization Creates a Transient\nNear-Surface Carbonaceous Interphase for Selective CO2 Conversion\ninto CO"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Moszczynska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun\u0301 , , Gagarina 7 , ,","place":["Torun\u0301, Poland, 87-100"]},{"name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun\u0301 , , Wilen\u0301ska 4 , ,","place":["Torun\u0301, Poland, 87-100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Catalysis and Energy Solutions, University of South Africa , Christiaan de Wet and Pioneer, Florida , , ,","place":["Roodepoort, Gauteng, South Africa, 1709"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University of Technology , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3478-5371","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marek","family":"Wis\u0301niewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun\u0301 , , Gagarina 7 , ,","place":["Torun\u0301, Poland, 87-100"]},{"name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun\u0301 , , Wilen\u0301ska 4 , ,","place":["Torun\u0301, Poland, 87-100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5805","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00066E","article-title":"Plasma Technology\u2500A Novel Solution for CO2 Conversion?","volume":"46","author":"Snoeckx","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18401","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.0c04257","article-title":"Plasma-Based CO2 Conversion: To Quench or\nNot to Quench?","volume":"124","author":"Vermeiren","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(02)00281-6","article-title":"Heterogeneous Reactions of NO2 and NO\u2013O2 on the Surface of Carbons","volume":"41","author":"Zawadzki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.12.068","article-title":"Oxygen Adsorption\nin Pores Promotes Its Reduction on Metal-Free Carbon Catalysts: A\nCase of Carbon Blacks","volume":"189","author":"de Falco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.3c02331","article-title":"Room-Temperature Oxygen Dissociative\nChemisorption on Carbon Surface\u2500Experimental Evidence","volume":"40","author":"Wis\u0301niewski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7712","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c01778","article-title":"Boosting the\nConversion of CO2 with Biochar to Clean CO in an Atmospheric\nPlasmatron: A\nSynergy of Plasma Chemistry and Thermochemistry","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.136268","article-title":"Carbon Bed Post-Plasma to Enhance the CO2 Conversion and Remove O2 from the Product Stream","volume":"442","author":"Girard-Sahun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10677","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TA00953J","article-title":"In Situ FTIR Study of 2D-Carbon Materials\nfor CO2 Splitting\nunder Non-Thermal Plasma Environment\u2500Selective CO Production","volume":"11","author":"Wis\u0301niewski","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2024.12.066","article-title":"Post-Plasma Carbon Bed Design for\nCO2 Conversion: Does Size and Insulation Matter?","volume":"104","author":"O\u2019Modhrain","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160190","article-title":"Coupling a\nCO2 Plasma with a Carbon Bed: The Closer the Better","volume":"507","author":"Biondo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnucmat.2009.01.148","article-title":"Carbon Dust\nFormation in a Cold Plasma from Cathode Sputtering","volume":"390\u2013391","author":"Arnas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Mater."},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0963-0252\/25\/1\/015019","article-title":"Nanoparticle\nFormation and Dusty Plasma Effects in DC Sputtering Discharge with\nGraphite Cathode","volume":"25","author":"Michau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plasma Sources Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1116\/1.4769733","article-title":"Reorganization\nof Graphite Surfaces into Carbon Micro- and Nanoparticles under High-Flux\nHydrogen Plasma Bombardment","volume":"31","author":"Bystrov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vac. Sci. Technol.\nA"},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2009.11.016","article-title":"Active Coke: Carbonaceous Materials\nas Catalysts for Alkane Dehydrogenation","volume":"269","author":"McGregor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\nCatal."},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2024.103203","article-title":"Sputtering\nThin Films: Materials, Applications, Challenges\nand Future Directions","volume":"330","author":"Garg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface\nSci."},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2024.119772","article-title":"Pulsed Plasma Vapour Deposition of\nCarbon Materials:\nAdvantages and Challenges","volume":"232","author":"Corbella","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14095","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.61.14095","article-title":"Interpretation\nof Raman Spectra of Disordered and Amorphous\nCarbon","volume":"61","author":"Ferrari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.8b01349","article-title":"Graphene Oxide-Mediated\nProtection\nfrom Photodamage","volume":"9","author":"Bolibok","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.1c08294","article-title":"Determination\nof Graphene Oxide Adsorption\nSpace by Lysozyme Uptake\u2500Mechanistic Studies","volume":"126","author":"Erwardt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026100109080642700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2026.154757","article-title":"Deciphering\nthe Mechanism of Effective H2 Adsorption on Graphene Oxide-Derived\nSurfaces","volume":"229","author":"Moszczyn\u0301ska","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Physical\nChemistry Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c02597","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpclcd\/article-pdf\/17\/39\/11271\/68570063\/acs.jpclett.6c02597.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpclcd\/article-pdf\/17\/39\/11271\/68570063\/acs.jpclett.6c02597.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:30:30Z","timestamp":1790861430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpclcd\/article\/17\/39\/11271\/5433665\/Plasma-Driven-Carbon-Mobilization-Creates-a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"39","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c02597","relation":{},"ISSN":["1948-7185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1948-7185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]}}}