{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:55:49Z","timestamp":1791474949031,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003033","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog?a e Innovaci?n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022-142795 NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-142795 NB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003033","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog?a e Innovaci?n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2025-174852NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2025-174852NB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIAICO\/2023\/106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIAICO\/2023\/106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The power-law scaling of ionic conductance G \u223c c\u03b1 serves as a fundamental probe of transport physics in confined geometries, where transport is traditionally restricted to sublinear regimes (\u03b1 &amp;lt; 1) governed by majority counterions. While current rectification is widely exploited in nanofluidic diodes and iontronic circuits, its direct consequence on this scaling law remains unexplored. Here, we show that moving beyond the ohmic limit establishes a co-ion control paradigm that dictates transport in asymmetric nanoenvironments. By pairing an analytical electrodiffusion framework with experimental validation across a diverse spectrum of heterogeneous systems, including bipolar biological channels (OmpF, gramicidin A) and unipolar synthetic conical nanopores, we demonstrate a polarity-driven transition in ionic control. In the rectifying polarity, the formation of an electrostatic depletion zone transfers transport control from majority counterions to minority co-ions. Remarkably, this electrostatic reconfiguration yields supralinear scaling (\u03b1 &amp;gt; 1) in bipolar configurations while driving unipolar ones toward linearity (\u03b1 \u223c 1). By unifying biological and solid-state membranes under a single predictive model, these findings clarify how pore geometry, charge asymmetry, and voltage polarity cooperatively govern nanoscale ion transport.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c02625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:02:38Z","timestamp":1790319758000},"page":"11391-11396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the Ohmic\nLimit: Co-Ion Control and Conductance\nScaling Regimes in Rectifying Nanochannels"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0644-6746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mari\u0301a","family":"Queralt-Marti\u0301n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Jaume I , , ,","place":["Castello\u0301n, Spain, 12071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Garci\u0301a-Gime\u0301nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Jaume I , , ,","place":["Castello\u0301n, Spain, 12071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5421-8801","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jose Joaqui\u0301n","family":"Pe\u0301rez-Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Vale\u0300ncia , , Calle Catedra\u0301tico Jose\u0301 Beltra\u0301n Marti\u0301nez 2 , ,","place":["Paterna, Spain, 46980"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7830-3189","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio","family":"Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Jaume I , , ,","place":["Castello\u0301n, Spain, 12071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"2026100811163154300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.116.154501","article-title":"Scaling Behavior\nfor Ionic Transport and Its Fluctuations in Individual Carbon Nanotubes","volume":"116","author":"Secchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100811163154300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6604","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b03235","article-title":"Scaling Behavior of\nIonic Transport in Membrane Nanochannels","volume":"18","author":"Queralt-Marti\u0301n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano\nLett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100811163154300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46962-8","article-title":"Scaling of Ionic Conductance in a Fluctuating Single-Layer\nNanoporous Membrane","volume":"13","author":"Noh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026100811163154300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10518","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c04453","article-title":"Ion Transport in\nElectrically Imperfect Nanopores","volume":"14","author":"Noh","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100811163154300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10392","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b05529","article-title":"Ion Transport\nin Confined Geometries below the Nanoscale: Access Resistance Dominates\nProtein Channel Conductance in Diluted Solutions","volume":"11","author":"Alcaraz","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100811163154300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1021\/nl052107w","article-title":"Salt Dependence of Ion Transport and DNA Translocation\nthrough Solid-State Nanopores","volume":"6","author":"Smeets","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026100811163154300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6344","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NA00540F","article-title":"Supralinear Scaling Behavior of Ionic Transport in\nMembrane Nanochannels Regulated by Outer-Surface Charges","volume":"6","author":"Alvero-Gonza\u0301lez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026100811163154300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(03)74788-2","article-title":"Residue Ionization and Ion Transport\nthrough OmpF Channels","volume":"85","author":"Nestorovich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biophys. 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Soft Matter Phys."},{"key":"2026100811163154300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.139266","article-title":"Interfacial\nEffects\nBreak the Canonical Permeability-Selectivity Trade-off in Biological\nNanopores","volume":"703","author":"Queralt-Marti\u0301n","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026100811163154300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21668","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CP04180A","article-title":"Effects of Extreme PH on Ionic Transport\nthrough Protein\nNanopores: The Role of Ion Diffusion and Charge Exclusion","volume":"18","author":"Queralt-Marti\u0301n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. 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Electroanal.\nChem."},{"key":"2026100811163154300_cit21","first-page":"47","article-title":"Ion Transport and Water Splitting in Bipolar Membranes:\nTheoretical\nBackground","volume-title":"Handbook of Bipolar Membrane\nTechnology","author":"Mafe\u0301","year":"2000"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100811163154300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/actp.1997.010480702","article-title":"Electrochemical Characterization\nof Polymer Ion-exchange\nBipolar Membranes","volume":"48","author":"Mafe\u0301","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Polym."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026100811163154300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9664","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c09410","article-title":"Origin of Limiting\nand Overlimiting Currents in Bipolar\nMembranes","volume":"57","author":"Pa\u0308rnama\u0308e","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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A"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100811163154300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1039\/D1SE00201E","article-title":"Modeling the\nElectrochemical Behavior\nand Interfacial Junction Profiles of Bipolar Membranes at Solar Flux\nRelevant Operating Current Densities","volume":"5","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain.\nEnergy Fuels"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100811163154300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/bbpc.19940980211","article-title":"How Does a Transition Zone Affect\nthe Electric Field Enhanced Water Dissociation in Bipolar Membranes?","volume":"98","author":"Mafe\u0301","year":"1994","journal-title":"Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft fu\u0308r Phys. Chemie"},{"key":"2026100811163154300_cit30","volume-title":"Co-Ion\nTransport through Anion Exchange Membranes","author":"Christensen","year":"1968"},{"issue":"1334","key":"2026100811163154300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1962.0145","article-title":"The Donnan Law and\nIts Application to Ion Exchanger\nPolymers","volume":"268","author":"Glueckauf","year":"1962","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London. Ser. A. Math.\nPhys. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100811163154300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-026-01413-2","article-title":"Ion Transport in Biological Ion Channels beyond Classical\nElectrostatics. Nanoscale Confinement, Non-Linear Concentration Patterns\nand Interfacial Effects","volume":"18","author":"Queralt-Marti\u0301n","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026100811163154300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0136668","article-title":"Biphasic Concentration\nPatterns in Ionic Transport under Nanoconfinement Revealed in Steady-State\nand Time-Dependent Properties","volume":"158","author":"Queralt-Marti\u0301n","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100811163154300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2179797","article-title":"Ionic Conduction, Rectification,\nand Selectivity in\nSingle Conical Nanopores","volume":"124","author":"Cervera","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Physical\nChemistry Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c02625","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpclcd\/article-pdf\/17\/40\/11391\/68647765\/acs.jpclett.6c02625.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpclcd\/article-pdf\/17\/40\/11391\/68647765\/acs.jpclett.6c02625.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:24:24Z","timestamp":1791473064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jpclcd\/article\/17\/40\/11391\/5438200\/Beyond-the-Ohmic-Limit-Co-Ion-Control-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c02625","relation":{},"ISSN":["1948-7185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1948-7185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]}}}