{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:44:46Z","timestamp":1792071886889,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S-PD-24-158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-PD-24-158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Revealing the spatial organization and stress-induced rearrangements of the photosynthetic machinery in thylakoids of diatoms is crucial for understanding their metabolic responses and\/or adaptation. Using a multimodal framework that combines coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon excited fluorescence, and confocal fluorescence microscopy with machine learning, we investigated the spatial pigment distribution in thylakoids of Cyclotella meneghiniana. Under physiological conditions, we observed dense central packing of fucoxanthins (Fx\u2019s). In contrast, the peripheral girdle lamella had a lower packing of mostly red-absorbing Fx accompanied by enhanced 710\u2013750 nm chlorophyll (Chl) emission. Glycerol treatment induced thylakoid disintegration, which was reflected in decreased resonance-to-nonresonance CARS ratios (Fx disordering), emergence of a 690\u2013700 nm fluorescence component, and 680 nm band narrowing (possibly fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein (FCP) aggregation), as well as 640 nm emission (Chl c release). Our findings show that this multimodal framework provides a powerful, label-free tool for mapping the photosynthetic machinery and subcellular metabolic responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6c02711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:02:32Z","timestamp":1790737352000},"page":"11921-11931","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multimodal Hyperspectral\nImaging Unveils Pigment Rearrangement\nin the Diatom\n                    <i>Cyclotella meneghiniana<\/i>\n                    under Changing\nPhysicochemical Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2125-6366","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lena","family":"Golubewa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University , , Sauletekio Av. 9, III bld. , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10222"]},{"name":"State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Sauletekio Av. 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0852-6579","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yaraslau","family":"Padrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Sauletekio Av. 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]},{"name":"Jiaxing University , , , ,","place":["Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China, 314001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricija","family":"Zemaityte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Sauletekio Av. 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulius","family":"Rindzevicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Sauletekio Av. 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Dementjev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Sauletekio Av. 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kipras","family":"Maz\u030ceika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University , , Sauletekio Av. 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3625-198X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Augustas","family":"Vaitkevic\u030cius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University , , Sauletekio Av. 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]},{"name":"State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Sauletekio Av. 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6640-7610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudia","family":"Bu\u0308chel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe University Frankfurt , , Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 , ,","place":["Frankfurt, Germany, 60438"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5902-0506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrius","family":"Gelzinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University , , Sauletekio Av. 9, III bld. , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10222"]},{"name":"State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , , Sauletekio Av. 3 , ,","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania, 10257"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2026101508221160900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509523113","article-title":"Insights into Global\nDiatom Distribution and Diversity in the World\u2019s Ocean","volume":"113","author":"Malviya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101508221160900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6010001","article-title":"Interannual Variation\nin Phytoplankton Primary Production at A Global\nScale","volume":"6","author":"Rousseaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. (Basel)."},{"key":"2026101508221160900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2021.102475","article-title":"Bioprospecting of\nFucoxanthin from Diatoms \u2013 Challenges and Perspectives","volume":"60","author":"Seth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101508221160900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2022.148589","article-title":"Photoacclimation\nImpacts the Molecular\nFeatures of Photosystem Supercomplexes in the Centric Diatom Thalassiosira\nPseudonana","volume":"1863","author":"Calvaruso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Bioenerg."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101508221160900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5847","DOI":"10.3390\/md13095847","article-title":"Photosynthetic Pigments in Diatoms","volume":"13","author":"Kuczynska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"2026101508221160900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-92499-7_15","article-title":"Photosynthetic\nLight Reactions in Diatoms. I. The Lipids and Light-Harvesting Complexes\nof the Thylakoid Membrane","volume-title":"The Molecular\nLife of Diatoms","author":"Bu\u0308chel","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101508221160900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15885","article-title":"Plastid Thylakoid Architecture Optimizes Photosynthesis\nin Diatoms","volume":"8","author":"Flori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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Cell Biol."},{"issue":"38","key":"2026101508221160900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11272","DOI":"10.1021\/jp402094c","article-title":"Pigment Organization\nEffects on Energy Transfer and Chl a Emission Imaged\nin the Diatoms C. Meneghiniana and P. Tricornutum In Vivo: A Confocal Laser Scanning Fluorescence (CLSF) Microscopy\nand Spectroscopy Study","volume":"117","author":"Premvardhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. 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Chem.\nB"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101508221160900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-013-9942-y","article-title":"Probing the Carotenoid Content of\nIntact Cyclotella Cells by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"119","author":"Alexandre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026101508221160900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AN00107G","article-title":"High-Throughput\nScreening Raman Microspectroscopy for Assessment of Drug-Induced Changes\nin Diatom Cells","volume":"144","author":"Ru\u0308ger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101508221160900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44055-8","article-title":"Structural\nInsights into Photosystem II Supercomplex and Trimeric FCP Antennae\nof a Centric Diatom Cyclotella Meneghiniana","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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Lumin."},{"issue":"46","key":"2026101508221160900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11084","DOI":"10.1021\/bi900649t","article-title":"Mechanisms of Protein\nStabilization\nand Prevention of Protein Aggregation by Glycerol","volume":"48","author":"Vagenende","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026101508221160900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60383","article-title":"Identification\nof Distinct PH- and Zeaxanthin-Dependent Quenching in LHCSR3 from\nChlamydomonas Reinhardtii","volume":"10","author":"Troiano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101508221160900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2007.06.224","article-title":"The Lipid Composition of the Unicellular\nGreen Alga\nChlamydomonas Reinhardtii and the Diatom Cyclotella Meneghiniana Investigated\nby MALDI-TOF MS and TLC","volume":"150","author":"Vieler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101508221160900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70230","article-title":"Lipid Polymorphism\nof Plant Thylakoid Membranes. The Dynamic Exchange Model \u2013\nFacts and Hypotheses","volume":"177","author":"Garab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101508221160900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2728(92)90210-S","article-title":"Induction of Non-Bilayer Lipid Phase\nSeparations in Chloroplast Thylakoid Membranes by Compatible Co-Solutes\nand Its Relation to Therthermal Stability of Photosystem II","volume":"1099","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. 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