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Thus, far, the underlying pathophysiological processes are not fully understood. In total, 142 plasma samples were acquired: 50 from controls (CON), 45 from mild\/moderate OSA (M-OSA) patients, and 47 from severe OSA (S-OSA) patients. Proteomic and metabolic signatures significantly differed among S-OSA, M-OSA, and CON samples. A novel plasma biomarker panel including two proteins (ACTR2 and ENO1) and three metabolites (2-aminobicyclo[2 2\u00b71], heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 1-O-[2r-hydroxy-hexadecyl]-sn-glycerol, and 1-pentadecene) was developed to identify S-OSA (AUC: 1.000) and distinguish severe cases from nonsevere cases (AUC: 0.813). An independent cohort was used to validate the model by distinguishing S-OSA samples from M-OSA (AUC: 0.729) and CON (AUC: 0.990) samples. Glycolysis pathway activation was identified as a characteristic of OSA; it may contribute to diabetes mellitus onset in OSA patients. Dyslipidaemia, foamy macrophage formation, platelet activation, and actin cytoskeleton might collectively play a key role in vascular damage in OSA patients, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. These findings reveal molecular bases for OSA-related cardiometabolic complications and provide new diagnostic biomarkers for OSA and the identification of severe cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5c00919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T14:04:58Z","timestamp":1786025098000},"page":"4419-4434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Omics Profiling\nof Patients with Obstructive Sleep\nApnoea Reveals Risks of Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5074-1777","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyujie","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9944-6304","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiahui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziting","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lujia","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenfang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9618-3301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jieqiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5341-6857","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026090409133653000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7624","article-title":"Comorbidities,\nhealth-related quality of life, and\nwork productivity among people with obstructive sleep apnea with excessive\nsleepiness: Findings from the 2016 us national health and wellness\nsurvey","volume":"15","author":"Stepnowsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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