{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:16:14Z","timestamp":1786122974299,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Central Plains Leading Medical and Healthcare Talent 2023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes, with chronic low-grade inflammation as one key pathogenic mechanism. However, early identification and dynamic risk assessment of DR remain challenging. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers by systematically profiling inflammatory proteins in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients across progressive DR stages. The Olink Proximity Extension Assay was used to analyze the expression of 92 inflammation-related proteins in AH samples from control (CON, n = 10), nonproliferative DR (NPDR, n = 15), and proliferative DR (PDR, n = 15) groups. OPG, MMP-1, and CDCP1 were significantly elevated in NPDR and PDR groups relative to the CON group, with progressive increases corresponding to disease severity. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment in core inflammatory pathways, including the IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways. OPG was selected for independent cohort validation due to its significant fold change and robust differential expression among groups. Our findings provide new insights into DR pathogenesis and highlight potential targets for precise stratification and targeted therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.6c00185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T09:23:53Z","timestamp":1783589033000},"page":"4159-4176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Olink Proteomics\nAnalysis Reveals Aqueous Humor Inflammatory\nBiomarkers in Patients with Different Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yueqi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Fundus Disease and Ocular Trauma Prevention and Treatment , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Fundus Disease and Ocular Trauma Prevention and Treatment , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Fundus Disease and Ocular Trauma Prevention and Treatment , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghang","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Fundus Disease and Ocular Trauma Prevention and Treatment , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenzhi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Fundus Disease and Ocular Trauma Prevention and Treatment , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xialian","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Fundus Disease and Ocular Trauma Prevention and Treatment , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9245-0364","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guangming","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Fundus Disease and Ocular Trauma Prevention and Treatment , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]},{"name":"Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026080709083806900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30411-5","article-title":"Screening\nfor Diabetic Retinopathy: New Perspectives and 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Biol.\nChem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080709083806900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-01-068395","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin\nIncreases Leukocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells Both in Vitro and\nin Vivo","volume":"110","author":"Zauli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080709083806900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39621","article-title":"Ocular Fluid Analysis in Children\nReveals Interleukin-29\/Interferon-\u039b1\nas a Biomarker for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis\u2013Associated\nUveitis","volume":"68","author":"Haasnoot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080709083806900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20993","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin is a new regulator\nof inflammation and angiogenesis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"58","author":"Abu El-Asrar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080709083806900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1343855","article-title":"Unbalanced Vitreous Levels of Osteoprotegerin, RANKL,\nRANK, and TRAIL in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"26","author":"Abu El-Asrar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. 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Metab."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026080709083806900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.157038","article-title":"CDCP1\nRegulates Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Barrier\nIntegrity for the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026080709083806900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19114","article-title":"CDCP1 Knockdown Suppresses PDGFR\u03b2\/AKT\nPathway-Mediated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Inhibiting\nPDGFR\u03b2 Endocytosis","volume":"13","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026080709083806900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BIO68","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21769","article-title":"Local and Systemic\nInflammatory Biomarkers of Diabetic Retinopathy:\nAn Integrative Approach","volume":"58","author":"Vujosevic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol.\nVis. 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