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Here, we develop a biomimetic vertically integrated flexible sensor (BVIS) based on a poly(vinyl alcohol)-cellulose nanofiber-reduced graphene oxide multiwalled carbon nanotube (PVA-CNF-RGO-MCNT, PCRM) material system. Serpentine temperature-sensitive, humidity-sensitive, and square pressure-sensitive arrays are assembled into an ultrathin six-layer architecture through a water-induced interfacial fusion mechanism. The molecular-level interpenetrating network formed by the PCRM composite enhances the interfacial adhesion and suppresses multimodal interference. The humidity units exhibit sensitivities of 2.8%\/%RH (70\u201380% RH) and 8.57%\/%RH (80\u201395% RH), respectively, while the tangential interfacial and T-peel strengths reach 2.592 and 0.285 MPa. By combining structural isolation with a random forest algorithm for signal decoupling, the platform achieves recognition accuracies of 96.79% and 99.8% for temperature-position and humidity-position mapping, respectively. The study establishes a novel vertical-layered multimodal sensing paradigm for highly integrated and anticrosstalk flexible intelligent sensing systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c01353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T15:02:14Z","timestamp":1789916534000},"page":"12601-12611","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multimodal Perception through Synergistic Interface\nFusion and Machine-Learning Decoupling in Vertically Integrated Flexible\nSensors"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3475-3081","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Langyuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1912-3169","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianhua","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaze","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changchao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130022"]},{"name":"University of Cambridge , , ,","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3807-3697","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kunyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1069-7035","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiwu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luquan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026093009095349800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.30919\/mm1849","article-title":"Emerging Trends of Ionic Sensors\nfor Electronic Skin (e-Skin)","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ES Materials and\nManufacturing"},{"key":"2026093009095349800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.30919\/es1479","article-title":"Functionalised Conductive\nElastomers for Strain Monitoring of Seismic Isolation Bearings: Experiments\nand Molecular Simulations","volume":"34","author":"Wan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Engineered Science"},{"issue":"34","key":"2026093009095349800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ady5008","article-title":"Hypersensitive Pressure Sensors Inspired\nby Scorpion Mechanosensory\nMechanisms for Near-Body Flow Detection in Intelligent Robots","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"issue":"35","key":"2026093009095349800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500511","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202500511","article-title":"Intelligent Robotic Sensory System\nwith Epidermis-Dermis Bionic Electronic Skin for Autonomous Hardness\/Softness-Based\nMaterial Perception","volume":"35","author":"Niu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. 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Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026093009095349800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.30919\/es1517","article-title":"Strain Rate-Dependent\nNonlinear Fractional\nOrder Modeling of Elastomer Polymers: A Comprehensive Power-Law Approach","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Engineered Science"},{"key":"2026093009095349800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.30919\/es1922","article-title":"High-Fidelity\nDistributed Brillouin Sensing with Optical Mechanisms Fusion and Data\nTransfer","volume":"38","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Engineered Science"},{"key":"2026093009095349800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.30919\/es1714","article-title":"Cellulose-Based Ionic Conductive\nHydrogels with Tunable Flexibility and Ionic Conductivity for Multifunctional\nApplications in Flexible Electronics","volume":"37","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Engineered\nScience"},{"key":"2026093009095349800_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.30919\/es1200","article-title":"Anti-Swelling Zwitterionic\nNanocomposite Hydrogels with Biocompatibility as Flexible Sensor for\nUnderwater Application","volume":"31","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Engineered Science"},{"key":"2026093009095349800_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.30919\/es1475","article-title":"A Pilot Study of Wearable\nRespiratory Driven Right and Left Nostril\nBreathing","volume":"34","author":"Purnima","year":"2025","journal-title":"Engineered Science"}],"container-title":["Nano Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c01353","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/nalefd\/article-pdf\/26\/38\/12601\/68567365\/acs.nanolett.6c01353.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/nalefd\/article-pdf\/26\/38\/12601\/68567365\/acs.nanolett.6c01353.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:31:23Z","timestamp":1790775083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/nalefd\/article\/26\/38\/12601\/5433475\/Multimodal-Perception-through-Synergistic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c01353","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-6984","1530-6992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-6984","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-6992","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]}}}