{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:45:32Z","timestamp":1792784732203,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-I2M-5-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-5-012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","award":["23ZR1472300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23ZR1472300"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Branch","award":["JCYJ-SHFY-2022-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ-SHFY-2022-003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22422510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22422510"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["52372276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52372276"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["T2495263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2495263"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Oral drug delivery systems show great promise for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy but are limited by poor gastrointestinal stability, insufficient colon localization, and low tumor targeting. Here, we report an oral biomimetic hydrogel platform, SAM\/Au-TiO2@Gel, for colon-localized and tumor-targeted sonodynamic therapy of CRC. Au deposition enhances the sonodynamic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capability of TiO2, while Staphylococcus aureus membrane (SAM) coating improves tumor targeting and uptake. Inulin hydrogel enables stable oral delivery and prolonged colonic retention. SAM\/Au-TiO2@Gel achieved \u223c10-fold higher tumor accumulation after oral administration and superior antitumor efficacy under ultrasound with good biosafety. Moreover, the treatment induced immunogenic cell death, promoted dendritic cell maturation and CD8+ T-cell activation, and was associated with changes in intestinal microbiota composition suggestive of partial restoration. Together, this platform provides a promising noninvasive strategy for overcoming barriers in oral CRC therapy and enabling precise sonodynamic treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c01736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:51:28Z","timestamp":1788411088000},"page":"12197-12205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Oral Biomimetic\nHydrogel for Colon-Localized and\nTumor-Targeted Sonodynamic Therapy of Colorectal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zeyang","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200050"]},{"name":"ShanghaiTech University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 201210"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200331"]},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200031"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7545-5956","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ya-Xuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200331"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1663-5468","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Han","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200050"]},{"name":"Tongji University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200331"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8790-195X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianlin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200050"]},{"name":"Tongji University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200331"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN\nestimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185\ncountries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA: a cancer journal for clinicians"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000543921","article-title":"Colorectal\ncancer: epidemiology,\nrisk factors, and public health strategies","volume":"106","author":"Matsuda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00360-X","article-title":"Colorectal\ncancer","volume":"404","author":"Eng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0116-z","article-title":"Comprehensive\nreview of targeted\ntherapy for colorectal cancer","volume":"5","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal transduction\nand targeted therapy"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03479-8","article-title":"Advanced oral\ndrug delivery systems\nfor gastrointestinal targeted delivery: the design principles and\nfoundations","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901935","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901935","article-title":"Oral delivery\nof biologics for precision medicine","volume":"32","author":"Dura\u0301n-Lobato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advanced\nmaterials"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14070557","article-title":"Current advances\nof nanomaterial-based oral drug delivery for colorectal cancer treatment","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.12.029","article-title":"Colonic drug delivery: Formulating the next generation\nof colon-targeted therapeutics","volume":"353","author":"McCoubrey","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Controlled\nRelease"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2023.2289586","article-title":"Oral nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for the\ntreatment of intestinal bowel disease and colorectal cancer","volume":"20","author":"Laffleur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-022-00006-4","article-title":"Bioinspired\noral delivery devices","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Bioengineering"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0080","DOI":"10.34133\/bmef.0080","article-title":"Recent advances\nand future directions in sonodynamic therapy for cancer treatment","volume":"5","author":"Datta","year":"2024","journal-title":"BME frontiers"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NA00738C","article-title":"Nanotechnology-enabled\nsonodynamic therapy against malignant tumors","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanoscale advances"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167105","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1167105","article-title":"Immunogenic sonodynamic\ntherapy for inducing immunogenic cell death and activating antitumor\nimmunity","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in oncology"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211130","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211130","article-title":"Harnessing\nnanomaterials for cancer sonodynamic immunotherapy","volume":"35","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2021.101215","article-title":"Titanium-based sonosensitizers\nfor sonodynamic cancer therapy","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied Materials\nToday"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00648F","article-title":"Multifunctional\nsonosensitizers in sonodynamic cancer\ntherapy","volume":"49","author":"Son","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9105","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.9b03430","article-title":"TiO2 nanosheets with\nthe Au nanocrystal-decorated edge for mitochondria-targeting enhanced\nsonodynamic therapy","volume":"31","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12118","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c02540","article-title":"Platinum\u2013titania schottky\njunction as nanosonosensitizer, glucose scavenger, and tumor microenvironment-modulator\nfor promoted cancer treatment","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.04.026","article-title":"Oral delivery of micro\/nanoparticulate\nsystems based on natural polysaccharides for intestinal diseases therapy:\nChallenges, advances and future perspectives","volume":"334","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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Macromol."},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17030412","article-title":"Inulin\nas a biopolymer; chemical structure, anticancer\neffects, nutraceutical potential and industrial applications: a comprehensive\nreview","volume":"17","author":"Karimi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14090855","article-title":"Inulin and\nits application in drug delivery","volume":"14","author":"Afinjuomo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2021.102595","article-title":"Inulin-based\ncarriers for colon drug\ntargeting","volume":"64","author":"Giri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science\nand 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infection","volume":"221","author":"Kurokawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn3917","article-title":"Biological chemotaxis-guided\nself-thermophoretic nanoplatform\naugments colorectal cancer therapy through autonomous mucus penetration","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adm9561","article-title":"Biomimetic piezoelectric nanomaterial-modified\noral microrobots for targeted catalytic and immunotherapy of colorectal\ncancer","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26052-x","article-title":"Cell membrane coating integrity affects\nthe internalization\nmechanism of biomimetic nanoparticles","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat.\nCommun."},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13532","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NR02562D","article-title":"Ultrasound meets the\ncell membrane: for enhanced endocytosis and\ndrug delivery","volume":"15","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03221-2","article-title":"Detection\nof immunogenic cell death and its relevance for cancer therapy","volume":"11","author":"Fucikova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell death & disease"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.08.029","article-title":"Recent findings\nin Akkermansia muciniphila-regulated\nmetabolism and its role in intestinal diseases","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"2026092309473388000_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-024-00635-7","article-title":"The influence of Akkermansia muciniphila\non intestinal barrier function","volume":"16","author":"Mo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Pathogens"}],"container-title":["Nano Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c01736","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/nalefd\/article-pdf\/26\/37\/12197\/68023610\/acs.nanolett.6c01736.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/nalefd\/article-pdf\/26\/37\/12197\/68023610\/acs.nanolett.6c01736.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:03:11Z","timestamp":1790172191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/nalefd\/article\/26\/37\/12197\/5387933\/An-Oral-Biomimetic-Hydrogel-for-Colon-Localized"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"37","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c01736","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-6984","1530-6992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-6984","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-6992","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}}}