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To distinguish between these models, we applied graphene energy transfer (GET), a fluorescence-based axial ruler with nanometer precision, and determined the vertical position of MyoA relative to IMC1, a structural IMC marker. GET measured IMC dimensions with accuracy comparable to electron microscopy while preserving molecular specificity. The results were independently validated using live stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging of vertically oriented parasites in agarose cylinders and expansion microscopy STED. Our data localize a major fraction of MyoA within the membrane\u2013IMC space, supporting a linear motor model and establishing GET for nanoscale protein mapping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c01982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T16:02:07Z","timestamp":1786464127000},"page":"11002-11008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Localization\nof Apicomplexa Motor Myosin A with Axial\nNanometric Precision Using Graphene Energy Transfer"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen , , Butenandtstra\u00dfe 11 , Haus E, ,","place":["Mu\u0308nchen, Germany, 81377"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimentelle Parasitologie Veterina\u0308r Medizinische Fakulta\u0308t Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen , Lena-Christ-Stra\u00dfe 48 ,","place":["Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, 82152"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hensel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Osnabru\u0308ck , , Barbarastra\u00dfe 11 , ,","place":["Osnabru\u0308ck, Germany, 49076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olympia Ekaterini","family":"Psathaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Osnabru\u0308ck , , Barbarastra\u00dfe 11 , ,","place":["Osnabru\u0308ck, Germany, 49076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doan Thuy Nguyen","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen , , Butenandtstra\u00dfe 11 , Haus E, ,","place":["Mu\u0308nchen, Germany, 81377"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Gras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimentelle Parasitologie Veterina\u0308r Medizinische Fakulta\u0308t Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen , Lena-Christ-Stra\u00dfe 48 ,","place":["Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, 82152"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Meissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimentelle Parasitologie Veterina\u0308r Medizinische Fakulta\u0308t Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen , Lena-Christ-Stra\u00dfe 48 ,","place":["Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, 82152"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Tinnefeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen , , Butenandtstra\u00dfe 11 , Haus E, ,","place":["Mu\u0308nchen, Germany, 81377"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9948-0512","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Javier","family":"Periz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimentelle Parasitologie Veterina\u0308r Medizinische Fakulta\u0308t Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen , Lena-Christ-Stra\u00dfe 48 ,","place":["Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, 82152"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2026090104145332600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.86","article-title":"Gliding motility\npowers invasion and egress in Apicomplexa","volume":"15","author":"Frenal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat.\nRev. 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