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The residual bacterial debris further increases the risk of secondary infection. Additionally, the inability to track the sterilization process in real time hampers precise wound management. Herein, a hydrogel-based platform that performs ex situ luring and elimination of bacteria, integrated with real-time visual tracking of single bacteria, was established. Therein, a bacterial chemoattractant is embedded within a density functional theory optimized hydrogel framework. By employing a hydrogel-microfluidic device, a stable spatial gradient of chemical stimuli was established, enabling the visual monitoring of the 4D chemotactic movement of single bacteria. The results indicated that 56.4% of the bacteria are lured away within 4.5 min. 99.99% of the bacteria are killed, while the positively charged hydrogel removes the residual bacterial debris, minimizing the secondary infection risk and doubling the wound healing rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c01993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:02:22Z","timestamp":1788886942000},"page":"12220-12228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Ex Situ<\/i>\n                    Luring Sterilization and\nVisual Tracking for Wound Healing Acceleration"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, P.R. 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