{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:46:01Z","timestamp":1792784761143,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFB3208002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB3208002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Disciplines Breakthrough Plan of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["JYB2025XDXM115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYB2025XDXM115"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03m01yf64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["12574047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12574047"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["62605022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62605022"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["F261023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F261023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Miniaturized weak-light detection is constrained by the reliance on external amplification and signal-accumulation circuitry. Here, we report a time-integrated phototransistor (TIPT) based on \u03b3-InSe photoactive gate architecture that enables intrinsic signal amplification and temporal accumulation within a single device. This architecture enables continuous integration and amplification of weak optical signals, achieving ultra-low-power detection with high photosensitivity, with detection limits down to 29 fW at 520 nm and 4.2 pW at 980 nm. The accumulation process is dynamically tunable and resettable via gate control. A single-device sequential scanning reconstruction further validates improved image contrast through temporal integration due to the robustness and repeatability of TIPT. These results establish time-integrated photogating as a strategy for ultra-low-power photodetection, offering a compact and energy-efficient platform for miniaturized weak-light imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c03153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:01:52Z","timestamp":1790629312000},"page":"13871-13878","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Time-Integrated\nPhototransistor Based on Photoactive\nGate Engineering for Ultra-Weak Light Detection"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoqiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoguang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zekai","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100190"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100190"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2385-1882","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100190"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7757-1149","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101408323756700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-020-00389-2","article-title":"One photon-per-bit receiver using\nnear-noiseless phase-sensitive amplification","volume":"9","author":"Kakarla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Light: Science & Applications"},{"key":"2026101408323756700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-023-00583-2","article-title":"Applications of single photons to quantum communication\nand computing","volume":"5","author":"Couteau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Physics"},{"key":"2026101408323756700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11856","article-title":"A luciferin analogue\ngenerating near-infrared bioluminescence achieves\nhighly sensitive deep-tissue imaging","volume":"7","author":"Kuchimaru","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101408323756700_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaded6","article-title":"Ultrasensitive negative\nphotoresponse in 2D Cr2Ge2Te6 photodetector\nwith light-induced carrier trapping","volume":"29","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"2026101408323756700_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202402185","article-title":"Ambipolar MoS2 Field Effect Transistors with Negative\nPhotoconductivity and High Responsivity Using an Ultrathin Epitaxial\nFerroelectric Gate","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026101408323756700_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33589","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c09674","article-title":"Ultrafast and Polarization-Sensitive\nReS2\/ReSe2 Heterostructure Photodetectors with\nAmbipolar Photoresponse","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101408323756700_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202301488","article-title":"Optical Helicity and\nPolarization Dependent NIR Negative Photocurrent\nin the 2D Magnetic Semiconductor CrI3","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advanced Optical Materials"},{"key":"2026101408323756700_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3559","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23711-x","article-title":"Highly sensitive active pixel image sensor array driven by large-area\nbilayer MoS2 transistor circuitry","volume":"12","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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