{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:47:14Z","timestamp":1791985634334,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006132","name":"Office of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC02-06CH11357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-06CH11357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006132","name":"Office of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0026516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0026516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Photoexcited quantum dot (QD)\u2013chromophore hybrid systems hold great promise for photon upconversion, a process that could significantly boost the efficiency of solar energy technologies and be useful for spintronics and quantum information science. However, the magnetic interactions that govern the generation and transfer of spin polarization in these systems are not well understood. Here, we report the first time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of triplet energy transfer (TET) in colloidal Si QDs conjugated with two anthracene-based organic molecules: 9-ethylanthracene and 9-vinylanthracene. Triplet formation and spin dynamics monitored with time-resolved continuous-wave and pulsed EPR spectroscopy reveal Dexter-type TET from Si QDs to the anthracene moiety. Notably, the electron spin polarization of these conjugates displayed unusual fully emissive patterns, a surprising result that cannot be explained by the conventional spin-orbit or radical-pair mechanisms typically seen in purely organic donor\u2013acceptor systems. The mechanism of this novel TET is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c03633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:02:29Z","timestamp":1790686949000},"page":"13987-13992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spin-Polarized Anthracene Triplet States Sensitized\nby Si QDs Revealed by Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9624-8251","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mandefro Y.","family":"Teferi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Lemont, Illinois, United States, 60439"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5107-995X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanoop Mambully","family":"Somasundaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah , , , ,","place":["Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84112"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Shadi","family":"Mirmohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah , , , ,","place":["Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84112"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7642-2598","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ming Lee","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah , , , ,","place":["Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84112"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6462-2680","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jens","family":"Niklas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Lemont, Illinois, United States, 60439"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3067-9272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oleg G.","family":"Poluektov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Lemont, Illinois, United States, 60439"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"2026101408322707500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8904","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00364D","article-title":"The triplet\nexcited state of Bodipy: formation, modulation and application","volume":"44","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"36","key":"2026101408322707500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15219","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c07421","article-title":"Colloidal Quantum\nDots as Photocatalysts for Triplet\nExcited State Reactions of Organic Molecules","volume":"142","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"47","key":"2026101408322707500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202106198","article-title":"Efficient\nVisible-to-UV Photon Upconversion Systems Based on CdS Nanocrystals\nModified with Triplet Energy Mediators","volume":"31","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv.\nFunct Mater."},{"issue":"6271","key":"2026101408322707500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad6378","article-title":"Direct\nobservation of triplet energy transfer from semiconductor nanocrystals","volume":"351","author":"Mongin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101408322707500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physchem-090722-011335","article-title":"Photon Upconversion at Organic-Inorganic\nInterfaces","volume":"75","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annual Review of Physical Chemistry"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101408322707500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3897","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c00017","article-title":"Bright State Sensitized\nTriplet Energy Transfer from Quantum Dot to Molecular Acceptor Revealed\nby Temperature Dependent Energy Transfer Dynamics","volume":"22","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101408322707500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5883","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5b12021","article-title":"Dynamics of Energy\nTransfer from CdSe Nanocrystals to Triplet States of Anthracene Ligand\nMolecules","volume":"120","author":"Piland","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026101408322707500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0249392","article-title":"Silicon quantum\ndot-molecule hybrid systems and their\napplications","volume":"162","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101408322707500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.0c00771","article-title":"Number of Surface-Attached\nAcceptors on a Quantum Dot Impacts Energy Transfer and Photon Upconversion\nEfficiencies","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acs Photonics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101408322707500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2015.226","article-title":"Solid-state infrared-to-visible\nupconversion sensitized\nby colloidal nanocrystals","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101408322707500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b13180","article-title":"Triplet Energy Transfer\nfrom CsPbBr Nanocrystals Enabled by Quantum Confinement","volume":"141","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026101408322707500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12865","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00102","article-title":"Electronic\nProcesses within Quantum Dot-Molecule Complexes","volume":"116","author":"Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101408322707500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3539","article-title":"Compact high-quality\nCdSe-CdS core-shell nanocrystals\nwith narrow emission linewidths and suppressed blinking","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101408322707500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00115a025","article-title":"Electronic Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Si Nanocrystals\n- Relationship to Bulk C-Si and Porous Si","volume":"117","author":"Brus","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\nAm. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026101408322707500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10513","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00169","article-title":"Spectroscopic\nand Device Aspects\nof Nanocrystal Quantum Dots","volume":"116","author":"Pietryga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026101408322707500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6120","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SC01648A","article-title":"Direct triplet sensitization of oligothiophene\nby quantum dots","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101408322707500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8913","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CP00021D","article-title":"Triplet generation\nat the CdTe quantum dot\/anthracene interface mediated by hot and thermalized\nelectron exchange for enhanced production of singlet oxygen","volume":"25","author":"Chi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"52","key":"2026101408322707500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16583","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201710224","article-title":"PbS\/CdS\nCore-Shell\nQuantum Dots Suppress Charge Transfer and Enhance Triplet Transfer","volume":"56","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Edit"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101408322707500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0497373","article-title":"Solution\nsynthesis of ultrastable luminescent siloxane-coated silicon nanoparticles","volume":"4","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026101408322707500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6869","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b03309","article-title":"Silyl Radical Abstraction\nin the\nFunctionalization of Plasma-Synthesized Silicon Nanocrystals","volume":"27","author":"Wheeler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101408322707500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.88.097401","article-title":"Surface chemistry of\nsilicon nanoclusters","volume":"88","author":"Puzder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101408322707500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4495","DOI":"10.1021\/nn1005182","article-title":"Brightly\nLuminescent Organically Capped Silicon Nanocrystals Fabricated at\nRoom Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure","volume":"4","author":"Kusova\u0301","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS\nNano"},{"issue":"45","key":"2026101408322707500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22291","DOI":"10.1021\/jp064401y","article-title":"Control of the stability, electron-transfer kinetics,\nand pH-dependent energetics of Si\/H2O interfaces through methyl termination\nof Si(111) surfaces","volume":"110","author":"Hamann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101408322707500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1021\/nl025538c","article-title":"Size tunable\nvisible luminescence from individual organic monolayer stabilized\nsilicon nanocrystal quantum dots","volume":"2","author":"English","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026101408322707500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5299","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c00169","article-title":"Intermediate\nElectronic Coupling via Silane and Germane Bridges in\nSilicon Quantum Dot-Molecular Hybrid Systems","volume":"25","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101408322707500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-023-01225-x","article-title":"Efficient\nphoton\nupconversion enabled by strong coupling between silicon quantum dots\nand anthracene","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101408322707500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60313a001","article-title":"The photoexcited\ntriplet state and photosynthesis","volume":"78","author":"Levanon","year":"1978","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101408322707500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3270","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.9.3270","article-title":"Triplet-State in Bacterial Photosynthesis\n- Possible Mechanisms of Primary Photo-Act","volume":"72","author":"Thurnauer","year":"1975","journal-title":"P Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101408322707500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(05)80081-7","article-title":"The Chlorophyll\nTriplet-State as a Probe of Structure\nand Function in Photosynthesis","volume":"1057","author":"Budil","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochimica Et\nBiophysica Acta"},{"issue":"50","key":"2026101408322707500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25163","DOI":"10.1021\/jp063690n","article-title":"Time-resolved EPR studies of photogenerated\nradical\nion pairs separated by p-phenylene oligomers and of triplet states\nresulting from charge recombination","volume":"110","author":"Dance","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys.\nChem. B"},{"issue":"40","key":"2026101408322707500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9715","DOI":"10.1021\/ja000662o","article-title":"Novel mechanism\nfor triplet state formation in short distance covalently linked radical\nion pairs","volume":"122","author":"Wiederrecht","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101408322707500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-5567(03)00024-8","article-title":"Short-lived excited\ntriplet states studied by time-resolved\nEPR spectroscopy","volume":"4","author":"Hirota","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Photoch Photobio C"},{"issue":"42","key":"2026101408322707500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10228","DOI":"10.1021\/ja961919e","article-title":"Radical pair and triplet state dynamics of a photosynthetic\nreaction-center model embedded in isotropic media and liquid crystals","volume":"118","author":"Hasharoni","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026101408322707500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4398","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9712074","article-title":"EPR investigation of photoinduced radical pair formation and decay\nto a triplet state in a carotene-porphyrin-fullerene triad","volume":"120","author":"Carbonera","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101408322707500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2017.01.005","article-title":"Delocalisation\nof photoexcited triplet\nstates probed by transient EPR and hyperfine spectroscopy","volume":"280","author":"Richert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Magn Reson"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101408322707500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00723-023-01603-1","article-title":"Analysis and Simulation\nof EPR Spectra of Photoexcited Triplet States","volume":"55","author":"Strzelczyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Magn Reson"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101408322707500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.201600868","article-title":"Photoexcited\nTriplet State Kinetics\nStudied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","volume":"18","author":"Hintze","year":"2017","journal-title":"ChemPhysChem"},{"key":"2026101408322707500_cit38","first-page":"945","article-title":"Chlorophyll\ntriplets and radical pairs","volume-title":"Chlorophylls","author":"Angerhofer","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026101408322707500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03052287","article-title":"ESR study\nof the photoexcited triplet state in photosynthetic bacteria","volume":"3","author":"Thurnauer","year":"1979","journal-title":"Rev.Chem.Intermed."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101408322707500_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1021\/ar000084g","article-title":"Radicals, radical pairs and triplet\nstates in photosynthesis","volume":"35","author":"Lubitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026101408322707500_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15442","DOI":"10.1021\/ja077225v","article-title":"Spin-density distribution\nof the\ncarotenoid triplet state in the peridinin-chlorophyll-protein antenna.\nA Q-band pulse electron-nuclear double resonance and density functional\ntheory study","volume":"129","author":"Niklas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"35","key":"2026101408322707500_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8911","DOI":"10.1021\/jp021465+","article-title":"Electronic structure of the P700\nspecial pair from high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"106","author":"Poluektov","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026101408322707500_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2019.00010","article-title":"Structure-Function\nRelationship of Organic Semiconductors: Detailed Insights From Time-Resolved\nEPR Spectroscopy","volume":"7","author":"Biskup","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101408322707500_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602226","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201602226","article-title":"Charge Transfer Processes in OPV Materials as Revealed\nby EPR Spectroscopy","volume":"7","author":"Niklas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026101408322707500_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11782","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.1c03278","article-title":"EPR of Photoexcited\nTriplet-State\nAcceptor Porphyrins","volume":"125","author":"Redman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"34","key":"2026101408322707500_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12003","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b06518","article-title":"On the Influence\nof the Bridge on Triplet State Delocalization in Linear Porphyrin\nOligomers","volume":"139","author":"Richert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101408322707500_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC03327A","article-title":"Decorrelated singlet\nand triplet exciton delocalization\nin acetylene-bridged Zn-porphyrin dimers","volume":"15","author":"Medagedara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem.\nSci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101408322707500_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.3c00556","article-title":"Molecular\nControl of Triplet-Pair Spin Polarization and Its Optoelectronic Magnetic\nResonance Probes","volume":"57","author":"Reid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101408322707500_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3908","article-title":"Strongly exchange-coupled triplet\npairs in an organic\nsemiconductor","volume":"13","author":"Weiss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101408322707500_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3909","article-title":"Quintet multiexciton\ndynamics in singlet fission","volume":"13","author":"Tayebjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101408322707500_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12194","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c00288","article-title":"Tunable\nSpin Qubit Pairs\nin Quantum Dot-Molecule Conjugates","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"39","key":"2026101408322707500_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17579","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5c02946","article-title":"Spin Dynamics\nof SCRPs in ZnO Quantum Dot-Organic Molecule Conjugates Studied with\nPulsed EPR","volume":"129","author":"Teferi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101408322707500_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1021\/nl050066y","article-title":"High-yield\nplasma synthesis of luminescent\nsilicon nanocrystals","volume":"5","author":"Mangolini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026101408322707500_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.75.3728","article-title":"Observation of the\nDark Exciton in Cdse Quantum Dots","volume":"75","author":"Nirmal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys. Rev.\nLett."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101408322707500_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1710","article-title":"Excitons in nanoscale systems","volume":"5","author":"Scholes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101408322707500_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5695","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00742","article-title":"Charge Transfer\nfrom Quantum-Confined 0D, 1D, and 2D Nanocrystals","volume":"124","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026101408322707500_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214710","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0297186","article-title":"ZnO quantum\ndot-molecule conjugates: Chemical interactions,\ncharge dynamics, and spin polarization","volume":"163","author":"Hernandez","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chem.\nPhys."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101408322707500_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4821","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.17.4821","article-title":"Uniaxially Stressed\nSilicon: Fine-Structure of Exciton and Deformation Potentials","volume":"17","author":"Merle","year":"1978","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. 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