{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:46:01Z","timestamp":1792784761665,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002726","name":"Beijing Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312200502507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312200502507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002726","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002726","name":"Beijing Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312225502403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312225502403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002726","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["52300096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52300096"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["52570024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52570024"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Electrocatalytic water purification suffers from metal leaching, sluggish mass transfer, and inefficient electrode utilization. Here we present a free-standing oxygen and defect co-tuned carbon nanofiber (O\u2013CN) membrane as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for concurrent anodic and cathodic pollutant degradation. Fabricated via electrospinning and gradient annealing, O\u2013CN features dense submicron channels enabling ultrafast transport. Oxygen doping with defect passivation induces charge polarization, intensifying the density of states near the Fermi level and creating electron-rich and electron-deficient regions. This promotes anodic direct oxidation via a downshifted HOMO and cathodic singlet oxygen production via a decreased work function. Complete removal of emerging contaminants occurs within 0.4 s, flux of \u223c936.5 L m\u20132 h\u20131 bar\u20131, energy consumption of \u223c0.096 kWh m\u20133, and &amp;gt;99% efficiency over 300 h. Costs and environmental impact are reduced by &amp;gt;65% versus conventional systems. This work establishes a sustainable electrified water treatment paradigm by converging atomic-level electronic modulation with nanoscale transport optimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c04087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:02:11Z","timestamp":1790665331000},"page":"14425-14435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intramolecular\nCharge Polarization Drives Bifunctional\nElectrocatalytic Oxidation in a Nonmetallic Electrified Confinement\nMembrane"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Songying","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , ,","place":["Zhuhai, China, 519087"]},{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , , ,","place":["Taipa, Macao SAR, China, 999078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4369-380X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruiquan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]},{"name":"The University of Hong Kong , , Pokfulam Road , , ,","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, 999077"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1637-8916","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , ,","place":["Zhuhai, China, 519087"]},{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2024.100612","article-title":"Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1021\/es200744f","article-title":"On the Need for a National (US) Research\nProgram to\nElucidate the Potential Risks to Human Health and the Environment\nPosed by Contaminants of Emerging Concern","volume":"45","author":"Novak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-023-00162-w","article-title":"Covalent organic framework\nmembrane for efficient removal of emerging trace organic contaminants\nfrom water","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Water"},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118418","article-title":"Source, fate, transport and modelling\nof selected emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment: Current\nstatus and future perspectives","volume":"217","author":"Tong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202512066","article-title":"Dual-Metal\nSynergy in Sn-Sb-CNF Membrane\nAnodes Boosts Electro-Filtration Oxidation of Emerging Contaminants","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59722-1","article-title":"Unlocking single-atom\ninduced electronic metal-support interactions in electrocatalytic\none-electron water oxidation for wastewater purification","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10375","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202101804","article-title":"Selective Electrocatalytic\nReduction of Oxygen to Hydroxyl\nRadicals via 3-Electron Pathway with FeCo Alloy Encapsulated Carbon\nAerogel for Fast and Complete Removing Pollutants","volume":"60","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9722","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c01707","article-title":"Visualization of Electrochemically Accessible Sites in Flow-through\nMode for Maximizing Available Active Area toward Superior Electrocatalytic\nAmmonia Oxidation","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eads7154","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ads7154","article-title":"Electric field-confined\nsynthesis of single atomic TiOxCy electrocatalytic\nmembranes","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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Adv."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.2c00509","article-title":"Key Role\nof NiCoP Arrays as an Electron Reservoir in a Membrane-Free Electrochemical\nReactor for Energy-Saving Hydrogen Recovery and Ammonia Decomposition","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS ES&T Water"},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b07398","article-title":"Effect of the Presence of Carbon\nin Ti4O7 Electrodes on Anodic Oxidation of Contaminants","volume":"54","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2306835120","article-title":"In situ electrogenerated\nCu(III) triggers hydroxyl radical production on the Cu-Sb-SnO2 electrode for highly efficient water decontamination","volume":"120","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2213480120","article-title":"Tuning Fe3O4 for sustainable cathodic heterogeneous\nelectro-Fenton catalysis by acetylated chitosan","volume":"120","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37676-6","article-title":"Subtle tuning of nanodefects actuates highly efficient electrocatalytic\noxidation","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20071-w","article-title":"Janus electrocatalytic\nflow-through membrane enables highly selective singlet oxygen production","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12596","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c02825","article-title":"Optimization\nof a Hierarchical Porous-Structured Reactor to Mitigate Mass Transport\nLimitations for Efficient Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation through\na Three-Electron-Transfer Pathway","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-025-00466-z","article-title":"Pulse-driven\nelectrocatalysis with engineered wooden electrode for high-efficiency,\nenergy-saving and sustainable water treatment","volume":"3","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Water"},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33149-4","article-title":"Pauling-type\nadsorption of O2 induced electrocatalytic singlet oxygen\nproduction on N-CuO for organic pollutants degradation","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/s44160-025-00756-0","article-title":"Compressive-strained rutile TiO2 enables\nO2 mono-hydrogenation for singlet oxygen\nelectrosynthesis","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Synth."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2024.124325","article-title":"Tuning electronegativity\nenvironment of asymmetric oxygen vacancies in Sb-SnO2 promotes\nelectrofiltration oxidation at low potential","volume":"357","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy"},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42224-3","article-title":"Unveiling\nthe spatially confined oxidation processes in reactive electrochemical\nmembranes","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202415258","article-title":"Motion-Activating\nPliable Carbon\nNanofiber for Smart Mechanosensitive Sensing and Antibacterial Protection","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10862","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c02116","article-title":"Chlorophyll-Inspired Zinc-Phthalocyanine Nanodot Assembled\ng-C3N4 Composite for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven\nH2O2 Production","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano\nLett."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2020.08.022","article-title":"Synergetic enhancement\nof surface reactions and charge separation over holey C3N4\/TiO2 2D heterojunctions","volume":"66","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.checat.2024.101084","article-title":"A solar cell with an ultra-reactive\nconfined microinterface for high-flux\nwater purification","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Catal."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202512925","article-title":"Evolution of CoxNiy Alloy Electronic\nStructure Buffered by Carbon\nNanolayer to Tune Selective Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202412209","article-title":"Superior\nSinglet Oxygen Electrosynthesis via Neighboring Dual Molecular Oxygen\nCoactivation for Selective Tetracycline Detoxification","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.123554","article-title":"Synergetic multiple free radicals lower the organohalide conversion\nbarrier and potentiate effective contaminant mineralization","volume":"343","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy"},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7350","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51878-6","article-title":"Rigid covalent organic\nframeworks with thiazole linkage to boost oxygen activation for photocatalytic\nwater purification","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28801","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c08610","article-title":"Phosphorus-Induced\nElectron Pump Enhances O2 Activation for Electrocatalytic\nH2O2 Production","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11181","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c14186","article-title":"Second-Shell N Dopants\nRegulate Acidic O2 Reduction Pathways on Isolated\nPt Sites","volume":"146","author":"Ni","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-025-01335-4","article-title":"SnSe nanosheets\nwith Sn vacancies catalyse H2O2 production from\nwater and oxygen at ambient conditions","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat.\nCatal."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23921-3","article-title":"Ultrasonic activation of inert poly(tetrafluoroethylene)\nenables piezocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102109263801800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2403766121","article-title":"Selective\nadsorption of high ionization potential value organic pollutants in\nwastewater","volume":"121","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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