{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T14:05:48Z","timestamp":1789740348752,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/005556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/005556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS) has emerged as a versatile and efficient method for assembling peptides, offering significant advantages in purity and yield. In this study, we investigate the application of organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) technology in LPPS for peptide fragment assembly by Nanostar Sieving. We report how a nanostar support decorated with solubilizing polymers can be used to achieve solubility at concentrations of up to 40 mM of a 39-mer peptide. This is assembled from eight peptide fragments on an 8-arm, 20 kDa nanostar support. OSN enables effective removal of reagents, byproducts, and unreacted fragments after each coupling cycle, enhancing synthesis efficiency. A photolabile linker was incorporated into the support before fragment assembly, enabling periodic analysis without full global deprotection. The Rink amide linker facilitated the final cleavage of the synthesized peptide using standard global deprotection protocols. Following synthesis, OSN was employed to isolate the peptide from the support. In contrast to previous OSN-assisted peptide fragment assembly methods, which required chromatographic purification to remove unreacted fragments at the end of synthesis, nanostar sieving enables their removal during synthesis. The potential to eliminate the need for chromatography could lead to more efficient and scalable therapeutic peptide production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.6c00123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:01:54Z","timestamp":1787004114000},"page":"2454-2468","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward Chromatography-Free\nConvergent Peptide Synthesis\nvia Nanostar Sieving"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7353-0377","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Al-Kadhimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London , Joseph Priestley Building, Mile End Road , ,","place":["London, U.K., E1 4NS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Botwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London , Joseph Priestley Building, Mile End Road , ,","place":["London, U.K., E1 4NS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Oxley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exactmer Ltd , Londoneast-UK Business and Technical Park, Yew Tree Avenue , , ,","place":["London, Dagenham, United States, RM10 7FN"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok","family":"Ju Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London , Joseph Priestley Building, Mile End Road , ,","place":["London, U.K., E1 4NS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nil","family":"Tandogan Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synthetic Molecule Design and Development Eli Lilly and Company Lilly Corporate Centre , , ,","place":["Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46285"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael O.","family":"Frederick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synthetic Molecule Design and Development Eli Lilly and Company Lilly Corporate Centre , , ,","place":["Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46285"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Peeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London , Joseph Priestley Building, Mile End Road , ,","place":["London, U.K., E1 4NS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London , Joseph Priestley Building, Mile End Road , ,","place":["London, U.K., E1 4NS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091808093204600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2017.06.052","article-title":"Therapeutic peptides: Historical perspectives, current\ndevelopment trends, and future directions","volume":"26","author":"Lau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorg.\nMed. 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Microbiol."},{"key":"2026091808093204600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173661","article-title":"Translating bioactive peptides for\nCOVID-19 therapy","volume":"890","author":"Bhullar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026091808093204600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00904-4","article-title":"Therapeutic\npeptides: Current applications and future directions","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"2026091808093204600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2009.10.009","article-title":"Synthetic\ntherapeutic peptides: Science and market","volume":"15","author":"Vlieghe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug\nDiscovery Today"},{"key":"2026091808093204600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3576","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.1c00239","article-title":"Biomedical applications of a novel\nclass of high-affinity peptides","volume":"54","author":"Saw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acc. 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Soc."},{"key":"2026091808093204600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1021\/acscombsci.8b00028","article-title":"Photolabile\nlinkers for solid-phase synthesis","volume":"20","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Comb.\nSci."},{"key":"2026091808093204600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(00)71848-X","article-title":"Removal of C-terminal\npeptide amides from a 3-nitro-4-aminomethyl-benzoyl\namide resin by photolysis","volume":"16","author":"Rich","year":"1975","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"2026091808093204600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2022.120977","article-title":"Anti-fouling\nmembranes for organic solvent nanofiltration\nand ultrafiltration: Graft-modified polybenzimidazole","volume":"662","author":"Oxley","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Membr. 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