{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:50:12Z","timestamp":1792158612299,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22175160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22175160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Controlled condensed-state chemical reactions are critical for smart-material development. Reaction-driven self-assembly materials have been explored for decades across organic nanostructure, polymer, and biomaterial research. This strategy has recently enabled the design and synthesis of nitrogen-rich hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks and size-matched hydrogen-bonded hydroxylammonium frameworks. Nevertheless, energetic-material research lacks reports on tuning self-assembled structures of a single molecule via acid\u2013base interactions. Herein, we present an acid\u2013base-mediated, reaction-driven self-assembly strategy to fabricate the high-energy-density metal\u2013organic framework KADNPP (potassium 2-((7-amino-3,6-dinitro-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-carbonyl)oxy)) and host\u2013guest energetic material HGEM-8. KADNPP displays an exceptionally high measured density of 2.238 g cm\u20133 and remarkable thermal stability (Td = 376 \u00b0C). Meanwhile, HGEM-8 possesses a high density of 1.940 g cm\u20133 (single crystal X-ray diffraction: 1.982 g cm\u20133), excellent detonation performance (D = 9464 m s\u20131; P = 43.5 GPa), and superior solid-propellant performance (Isp = 293 s, calculated by NASA CEA). These results demonstrate the significant potential of the present synthetic strategy for constructing high-energy-density self-assembled energetic materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.6c03875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:01:34Z","timestamp":1791360094000},"page":"12994-12999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acid\u2013Base-Mediated\nSelf-Assembly: Synthetic\nAccess to High-Energy-Density Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks and\nHost\u2013Guest Energetic Materials"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics , , ,","place":["Mianyang, China, 621900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengzhao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics , , ,","place":["Mianyang, China, 621900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics , , ,","place":["Mianyang, China, 621900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics , , ,","place":["Mianyang, China, 621900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Defense Institute, Academy of Military Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 102205"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8670-6036","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics , , ,","place":["Mianyang, China, 621900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac6103","article-title":"Transient\nAssembly of Active Materials Fueled by A Chemical Reaction","volume":"349","author":"Boekhoven","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20120","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202100274","article-title":"Chemically Fueled Self-assembly in\nBiology and Chemistry","volume":"60","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22475-8","article-title":"Taming\nNitroformate through Encapsulation with Nitroge n-rich Hydrogen-bonded\nOrganic Frameworks","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19248","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA04677A","article-title":"Hunting for Advanced\nHigh-energy-density Materials\nwith Well-balanced Energy and Safety through An Energetic Host\u2013guest\nInclusion Strategy","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35232","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c07938","article-title":"Construction and Modification of\nNitrogen-rich Polycyclic\nFrameworks: A Promising Fused Tricyclic Host\u2013guest Energetic\nMaterial with Heat Resistance, High energy, and Low sensitivity","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202400481","article-title":"Zwitterionic\nEnergetic Materials:\nSynthesis, Structural Diversity and Energetic Properties","volume":"19","author":"Bhatia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem.\u2500Asian J."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64846","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c15237","article-title":"Engaging Two Anions with Single Cation in Energetic\nSalts: Approach for Optimization of Oxygen Balance in Energetic Materials","volume":"16","author":"Bhatia","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.5c02095","article-title":"N-Acetimidamide Functionalized\n4-Amino-3,5-dinitropyrazole as an Oxygen-Containing Cation for Thermally\nStable Energetic Salts","volume":"91","author":"Das","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12665","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c05292","article-title":"One Step Closer\nto An Ideal Insensitive Energetic Molecule:\n3,5-Diamino-6-hydroxy-2-oxide-4-nitropyrimidone and its Derivatives","volume":"143","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13564","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TA09254A","article-title":"Synthesis\nand Reactivity of 5-Hydrazino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (HNT): An Amphoteric\nEnergetic Platform","volume":"11","author":"Habert","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enmf.2024.08.006","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of\nAmphoteric Salts and Azo-bridged\nHeat-resistant Explosives with A 1,2,4-Triazole Framework","volume":"6","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energetic Mater. Front"},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enmf.2024.07.002","article-title":"Amphoteric Feature of 3,5-Diamino-6-hydroxy-2-oxide-4-nitropyrimidone\nand Its Highly-stable Energetic anionic Salts","volume":"6","author":"Lei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energetic Mater. Front"},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4035","DOI":"10.1039\/D3DT04237E","article-title":"Obtaining Superior High-density Fused-ring Energetic\nMaterials via the Introduction of Carbonyl, o-NH2\u2013NO2 and Nitroamino Groups","volume":"53","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dalton Trans"},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.6c01282","article-title":"Design and Synthesis\nof Insensitive Fused Triazolo-Pyrimidine-Based Energetic Materials","volume":"28","author":"Khatri","year":"2026","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7153","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c01640","article-title":"Enforced\nPlanar FOX-7-like Molecules: A Strategy for Thermally Stable and Insensitive\n\u03c0-Conjugated Energetic Materials","volume":"142","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am.\nChem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13875","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.5c04421","article-title":"Synthesis of Fused\nAzole-Pyridazine\/Pyrimidine and Imino-Bridged Pyrazole-Based Energetic\nmaterials via Property Tuning and Skeletal Editing","volume":"27","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201605382","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Metal\u2013Organic Framework as\nSuper Heat-Resistant Explosive: Potassium 4-(5-Amino-3-Nitro-1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-Yl)-3,5-Dinitropyrazole","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem.\u2500Eur. J."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202400409","article-title":"Solvent Free Potassium 3,5-Dinitro-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrazin-2-olate\n3D EMOF as Thermally Stable Energetic Material","volume":"19","author":"Yadav","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem.\u2500Asian J."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7628","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.9b01608","article-title":"Sodium\nand Potassium 3,5-Dinitro-4-hydropyrazolate: Three-dimensional Metal\u2013Organic\nFrameworks as Promising Super-heat-resistant Explosives","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201700001","article-title":"(E)-1,2-Bis(3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazene-Its\n3D Potassium Metal\u2013Organic Framework and Organic Salts with\nSuper-Heat-Resistant Properties","volume":"2017","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg.\nChem."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.2c04108","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks as Super Heat-Resistant\nExplosives: Potassium 4,4\u2019-Oxybis[3,3\u2032-(5-tetrazol)]furazan\nand Potassium (1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)tetrazole","volume":"62","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8172","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201404790","article-title":"Potassium 1,1\u2032-Dinitramino-5,5\u2032-bistetrazolate:\nA Primary Explosive with Fast Detonation and High Initiation Power","volume":"53","author":"Fischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.156152","article-title":"A Novel ADN\/TANPDO\nSupramolecular Crystal with Anti-Hygroscopicity and High Energy: A\nPromising Strategy to Construct Advanced Propellant Materials","volume":"499","author":"Qiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit24","volume-title":"EXPLO5 v6.06\nProgram for Calculation of Detonation Parameters of Explosives","author":"Suc\u0301eska","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit25","volume-title":"NASA Glenn Coefficients\nfor Calculating Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Species","author":"McBride","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-4831-4","volume-title":"Innovative Energetic\nMaterials: Properties, Combustion Performance and Application","author":"Pang","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.22885","article-title":"Multiwfn: A Multifunctional\nWavefunction Analyzer","volume":"33","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"2026101608472592400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202504895","article-title":"Visualization\nAnalysis of Covalent and Noncovalent Interactions in Real Space","volume":"64","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."}],"container-title":["Organic Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.orglett.6c03875","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/orlef7\/article-pdf\/28\/41\/12994\/68765843\/acs.orglett.6c03875.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/orlef7\/article-pdf\/28\/41\/12994\/68765843\/acs.orglett.6c03875.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:13:26Z","timestamp":1792156406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/orlef7\/article\/28\/41\/12994\/5445761\/Acid-Base-Mediated-Self-Assembly-Synthetic-Access"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.orglett.6c03875","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-7060","1523-7052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-7060","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-7052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]}}}