{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:57:02Z","timestamp":1792173422150,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB1105600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB1105600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81572156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81572156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Youth Foundation Development Program of Ruijin Hospital","award":["2019QNPY01051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QNPY01051"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Functional articular repair is known to be hampered by tissue degradation, which occurs in the defective local inflammatory environment that is also characterized by disrupted angiogenesis. The advanced fabrication of scaffolds with designed chemical and physical cues, which provide a biomimetic environment for tissue regeneration, holds considerable promise to circumvent the problem and thus allows functional articular repair. Herein, we developed scaffolds with controllable shapes with hydroxybutyl chitosan (HBC) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) hydrogels, whose chemical composition was similar to that of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). By optimizing the concentration of OCS, the functional cross-linker, we achieved a hydrogel promoting proliferation, adhesion, and ECM formation of chondrocytes and inhibiting tube formation of endothelial cells. Using a hydration procedure and bioactivation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we obtained mesoporous silicate-doped calcium phosphate cement (MS\/CPC) scaffolds with a bioactive surface similar to that of bones, with improved osteogenesis and vascularization properties. Personalized cartilage\u2013subchondral repair scaffolds with stable combination were successfully fabricated based on the self-cross-linking properties of the Schiff-based HBC\/OCS hydrogel and the macroporous structure of MS\/CPC scaffolds with the aid of a 3D printing technique. This study proposes a strategy to design individualized tissue repair biomimetic gradient scaffolds. Further assessments of their osteochondral defect repair properties in vivo should be performed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c00334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T04:48:26Z","timestamp":1593751706000},"page":"4820-4831","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Patient-specific Scaffolds with a Biomimetic Gradient\nEnvironment for Articular Cartilage\u2013Subchondral Bone Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8201-1322","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cuidi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200025"]},{"name":"Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200025"]},{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5040-8053","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donghua University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 201600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenjiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changxu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8330-8542","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chuanglong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donghua University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 201600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3390\/ma6020637","article-title":"Advanced Strategies for Articular\nCartilage Defect Repair","volume":"6","author":"Matsiko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit2","first-page":"603","article-title":"Perspectives on chondrocyte mechanobiology\nand osteoarthritis","volume":"43","author":"Buckwalter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2017.02.006","article-title":"Osteochondral\nAutologous Transplantation","volume":"36","author":"Sherman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Sports Med."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900867","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201900867","article-title":"Osteochondral Regeneration with 3D-Printed\nBiodegradable High-Strength Supramolecular Polymer Reinforced-Gelatin\nHydrogel Scaffolds","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806068","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201806068","article-title":"Micro\/Nanometer-Structured Scaffolds\nfor Regeneration of Both Cartilage and Subchondral Bone","volume":"29","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. 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Cells Mater."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.10.015","article-title":"Adjacent tissues\n(cartilage, bone) affect the functional integration of engineered\ncalf cartilage in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Tognana","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2015.0122","article-title":"Advancement of the\nSubchondral Bone Plate in Translational Models of Osteochondral Repair:\nImplications for Tissue Engineering Approaches","volume":"21","author":"Orth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tissue Eng., Part B"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.09.005","article-title":"Silk fibroin-chondroitin\nsulfate scaffold with immuno-inhibition property for articular cartilage\nrepair","volume":"63","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.02.016","article-title":"Photo-crosslinkable, injectable sericin\nhydrogel as 3D biomimetic extracellular matrix for minimally invasive\nrepairing cartilage","volume":"163","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/s0142-9612(99)00097-6","article-title":"Effects of\nchitosan on rat knee cartilages","volume":"20","author":"Xi Lu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/07373930701781736","article-title":"Preparation and Characterization\nof Carboxymethyl Chitosan and \u03b2-Cyclodextrin Microspheres by\nSpray Drying","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drying Technol."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3390\/mi10110765","article-title":"Chitosans for Tissue Repair and Organ Three-Dimensional (3D) Bioprinting","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1890","article-title":"Multifunctional chondroitin sulphate\nfor cartilage tissue\u2013biomaterial integration","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. 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Res."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01872.x","article-title":"Study of the\nHydration Process of Calcium Phosphate Cement by AC Impedance Spectroscopy","volume":"82","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41331","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41331","article-title":"RhBMP-2 loaded 3D-printed mesoporous\nsilica\/calcium phosphate cement porous scaffolds with enhanced vascularization\nand osteogenesis properties","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901388","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201901388","article-title":"Self-Healing Hydrogels and Cryogels from Biodegradable\nPolyurethane Nanoparticle Crosslinked Chitosan","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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Eng., C"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1002\/app.34041","article-title":"Preparation\nand characterization of crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan\u2013oxidized\nsodium alginate hydrogels","volume":"122","author":"Fan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1039\/c9bm01635j","article-title":"A self-adapting hydrogel based on chitosan\/oxidized konjac glucomannan\/AgNPs\nfor repairing irregular wounds","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomater. 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Eng., C"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.01.004","article-title":"Localization and promotion of recombinant\nhuman bone morphogenetic protein-2 bioactivity on extracellular matrix\nmimetic chondroitin sulfate-functionalized calcium phosphate cement\nscaffolds","volume":"71","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.05.038","article-title":"Regeneration of a goat femoral head\nusing a tissue-specific, biphasic scaffold fabricated with CAD\/CAM\ntechnology","volume":"34","author":"Ding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6024","DOI":"10.1021\/ja974025i","article-title":"Nonionic Triblock and Star Diblock\nCopolymer and Oligomeric Surfactant Syntheses of Highly Ordered, Hydrothermally\nStable, Mesoporous Silica Structures","volume":"120","author":"Zhao","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.10.024","article-title":"The effect of elastin\non chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation on poly (\u03b5-caprolactone)\/elastin\ncomposites","volume":"32","author":"Annabi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2008.09.020","article-title":"Effect\nof pore size on ECM secretion and cell growth in gelatin scaffold\nfor articular cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"5","author":"Lien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2014.08.010","article-title":"Tissue engineering strategies to study cartilage development, degeneration\nand regeneration","volume":"84","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Delivery Rev."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.02.010","article-title":"Elastin-like protein-hyaluronic acid\n(ELP-HA) hydrogels with decoupled mechanical and biochemical cues\nfor cartilage regeneration","volume":"127","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510361950","article-title":"The Potential\nof Human Allogeneic Juvenile Chondrocytes for Restoration of Articular\nCartilage","volume":"38","author":"Adkisson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.6.2645","article-title":"Troponin I is present in human cartilage and inhibits\nangiogenesis","volume":"96","author":"Moses","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit51","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Expression and Localization of Angiogenic Inhibitory\nFactor, Chondromodulin-I, in Adult Rat Eye","volume":"42","author":"Funaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.10.074","article-title":"Selective binding\nof C-6 OH sulfated hyaluronic acid to the angiogenic isoform of VEGF165","volume":"77","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.06.026","article-title":"The clinical use of\nenriched bone marrow stem cells combined with porous beta-tricalcium\nphosphate in posterior spinal fusion","volume":"29","author":"Gan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5588","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05196-1","article-title":"3D printed scaffolds\nof calcium silicate-doped \u03b2-TCP synergize with co-cultured endothelial\nand stromal cells to promote vascularization and bone formation","volume":"7","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081418220723800_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2162-z","article-title":"Subchondral\nbone and osteoarthritis: biological and cellular aspects","volume":"23","author":"Henrotin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Bio Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsabm.0c00334","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article-pdf\/3\/8\/4820\/18456455\/mt0c00334.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article-pdf\/3\/8\/4820\/18456455\/mt0c00334.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T22:27:33Z","timestamp":1786746453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article\/3\/8\/4820\/510775\/Patient-specific-Scaffolds-with-a-Biomimetic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsabm.0c00334","relation":{},"ISSN":["2576-6422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2576-6422","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]}}}