{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T22:38:05Z","timestamp":1786747085302,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007062","name":"Yangzhou University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002949","name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31672579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31702242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31702242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bacteria\u2019s antibiotic resistance is one of the major challenges in the treatment of infectious diseases. With increasing difficulty in discovering antibiotics, there is an urgent need to develop antibiotic-free therapeutic strategies to address this grand challenge. In this report, we developed a polypyrrole (PPy)-based photothermal nano-antibiotic (PTNA) for effective treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infection. PTNA was fabricated by polymerizing pyrrole onto an anionic vesicle to integrate the cationic and photothermal properties of PPy for combinatory killing against bacteria. PTNA exhibits a strong photothermal effect in the NIR-II (1064 nm) biowindow, thus it is feasible for in vivo therapy due to deeper tissue penetration. Our in vitro experiments revealed that PTNA can significantly inhibit the growth of MDR bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium), alleviate inflammatory response of infected cells, and prevent biofilm formation. More importantly, PTNA showed a significant therapeutic effect in an S. typhimurium-infected animal disease model of acute systemic infection by inhibiting bacterial growth, lowering inflammatory responses and pathological changes, and eventually improving the survival rate of mice. Finally, PTNA had safe profiles in vitro and in vivo with no visible toxicity detected. Therefore, we believe PTNA may serve as a promising antibiotic-free antimicrobial material for the effective treatment of MDR bacterial infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c00702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T07:37:56Z","timestamp":1594021076000},"page":"5395-5406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Photothermal\nNano-antibiotic for Effective\nTreatment of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infection"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200127"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengpeng","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, China, 225009"]},{"name":"Yangzhou University , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, China, 225009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200127"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, China, 225009"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , ,","place":["Yangzhou, China, 225009"]},{"name":"Yangzhou University , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, China, 225009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haofei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200127"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, China, 225009"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , ,","place":["Yangzhou, China, 225009"]},{"name":"Yangzhou University , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, China, 225009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3125-763X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200127"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081418192839500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/1757913917743881","article-title":"WHO global\npriority pathogens list on antibiotic resistance: an urgent need for\naction to integrate One Health data","volume":"138","author":"Govindaraj\nVaithinathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Perspect\nPublic Health"},{"key":"2026081418192839500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00463-6","article-title":"Colistin resistance:\na major breach in our last line of defence","volume":"16","author":"Paterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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