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A mouse tumor model was used to assess the level of thermal enhancement afforded by Fab-functionalized gold nanoparticles (gNPs) during HIFU treatment. Prostate cancer cells (PC3) were used to grow tumors on the right flank of immunodeficient NSG mice. Three levels of gNPs concentrations (0%, 0.019%, and 0.125%) were injected directly into the tumors. HIFU sonication was performed at acoustic power levels of 30W, 40W, and 50W for the duration of 16 s inside a 1.5 T magnetic resonance system. Temperature rise data were recorded for each power level and gNPs concentration during the experiment and analyzed. Tumors were harvested 4 h after the sonication for a histopathology study. A histopathology study was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) as well as cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) staining. For an acoustic power of 50W, temperature increases of 16.77 \u00b1 2.33 \u00b0C, 19.95 \u00b1 2.98 \u00b0C, and 27.78 \u00b1 5.31 \u00b0C were recorded for gNPs concentrations of 0%, 0.019%, and 0.125%, respectively. Also, for an acoustic power of 50W, thermal doses of 0.08, 282.87, and 31563.70 min were obtained for gNPs concentrations of 0%, 0.019%, and 0.125%, respectively. Cellular damage around the focus was observed in histopathology studies using H&amp;E staining in HIFU-treated tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c00879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T12:47:30Z","timestamp":1760359650000},"page":"9696-9708","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing Fab-Functionalized\nGold Nanoparticles-Mediated\nThermal Enhancement during High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation\nin a Mouse Tumor Model"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nabin","family":"Khanal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati , , , ,","place":["Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45221"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Marciniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) , , , ,","place":["Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21250"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7336-5655","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marie-Christine","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) , , , ,","place":["Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21250"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) , , , ,","place":["Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21250"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Dumoulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center , , , ,","place":["Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45229"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Stringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , , , ,","place":["Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45229"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration , , , ,","place":["Silver Spring, Maryland, United States, 20993"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Yarmolenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s National Hospital , , , ,","place":["Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20012"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7235-9560","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rupak K.","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati , , , ,","place":["Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45221"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026072914063239800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1002\/nano.202100255","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles\n(GNPs) in biomedical and clinical applications: A review","volume":"3","author":"Anik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Sel."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072914063239800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2167719","article-title":"Comparative study of lesions created\nby high-intensity focused ultrasound using sequential discrete and\ncontinuous scanning strategies","volume":"60","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans.\nBiomed. 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