{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T18:58:57Z","timestamp":1785351537230,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001780","name":"RMIT University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a noncommunicable disease that brings long-term morbidity among people and is identified as a hidden epidemic. As the disease-causing pathophysiology process is different and complex for various diseases of CKD, specific biomarkers in urine should be monitored in aiding therapy and management of CKD. \u03b2-2 Microglobulin (\u03b22MG), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and CD163 are three of such common biomarkers used in CKD management. Though different detection methods such as electrochemical sensors, electrochemiluminescence, and sandwich ELISA have been reported for these three biomarkers, they are associated with shortcomings such as complex device fabrication, longer detection time, and poor sensitivity. To overcome these disadvantages, the current study introduces high-resistivity-silicon (HR-Si)-based conductometric biosensors for rapid and sensitive detection of these three biomarkers. These conductometric biosensors successfully detected \u03b22MG, EGF, and CD163 in urine with detection limits of 100 fM, 5 pM, and 10 fM, respectively. Other advantages of conductometric biosensors include relatively simple sensor fabrication, which is also low-cost, short sample incubation time (&amp;lt;15 min), fast detection time (&amp;lt;2 min), high selectivity, and the capability of miniaturization and compatibility with common electronics circuitry (ability to use as a portable device). These key features of the conductometric biosensors hold as a futuristic point-of-need tool in aiding CKD management and therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c01024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T13:26:21Z","timestamp":1761139581000},"page":"9794-9806","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Conductometric Biosensor for Quick Detection of Urinary\nBiomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease Management"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sreekanth S.","family":"P","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University , , , ,","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganganath S.","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University , , , ,","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanmuga Sundar","family":"Dhanabalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University , , , ,","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001"]},{"name":"La Trobe University , , , ,","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3086"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sruthi","family":"Chandrasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University , , , ,","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University , , , ,","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanje","family":"Mahasivam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University , , , ,","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3354-4317","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vipul","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University , , , ,","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4319-1081","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Madhu","family":"Bhaskaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University , , , ,","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8365-7504","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sharath","family":"Sriram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University , , , ,","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12040548","article-title":"Emerging biomarkers\nfor early detection of chronic kidney disease","volume":"12","author":"Mizdrak","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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Rep."},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212578","article-title":"Urinary epidermal\ngrowth factor predicts renal prognosis in antineutrophil cytoplasmic\nantibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"77","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum.\nDis."},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1159\/000502999","article-title":"Rapid Progression\nof Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Urinary Biomarkers\nas Predictors","volume":"50","author":"Messchendorp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz105","article-title":"Association between urinary biomarkers\nand disease progression in adults with autosomal dominant polycystic\nkidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Segarra-Medrano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.04.069","article-title":"Blood and urine\nbiomarkers in chronic kidney disease: An update","volume":"495","author":"Bidin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-9437-1_5","article-title":"Nanomaterials\nfor Biosensors","volume-title":"Handbook of Nanobioelectrochemistry:\nApplication in Devices and Biomolecular Sensing","author":"Ferreira","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128921","article-title":"Bioengineered\ncellulosic paper micro-device for serum albumin detection in clinical\nrange","volume":"258","author":"Chandra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. 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Apl."},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(86)90617-2","article-title":"An ultrasensitive\ntime-resolved immunofluorometric assay of human epidermal growth factor","volume":"157","author":"Pesonen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202005582","article-title":"Rapid and selective biomarker detection\nwith conductometric\nsensors","volume":"17","author":"Perera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202200965","article-title":"Rapid Conductometric Detection of\nSARS-CoV-2 Proteins and Its Variants Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer\nNanoparticles","volume":"8","author":"Perera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116516","article-title":"Versatile\nconductometric biosensors for rapid and selective detection of inflammatory\nand cardiac biomarkers in saliva","volume":"261","author":"Chidambaram","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsr.202400042","article-title":"Rapid Conductometric\nSensing of Chronic Kidney Disease Biomarkers: Specific and Precise\nDetection of Creatinine and Cystatin C in Artificial Saliva","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sens. Res."},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11743","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c02549","article-title":"COVID-19 spike protein\ninduced phononic modification in antibody-coupled graphene for viral\ndetection application","volume":"15","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026072914071530400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3923","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.4c00442","article-title":"Photoinduced\nStitching of Self-Assembled\nTriangular Silver Nanoprisms at the Air\u2013Water Interface","volume":"15","author":"Mahasivam","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. 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Sci."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Bio Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsabm.5c01024","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article-pdf\/8\/11\/9794\/66301554\/acsabm.5c01024.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article-pdf\/8\/11\/9794\/66301554\/acsabm.5c01024.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T18:13:07Z","timestamp":1785348787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article\/8\/11\/9794\/3751492\/Conductometric-Biosensor-for-Quick-Detection-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsabm.5c01024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2576-6422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2576-6422","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]}}}