{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:30:21Z","timestamp":1789155021152,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LMS25F050006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LMS25F050006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LY21A040002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY21A040002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Embolization microspheres are widely used in transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) surgery, which improves treatment efficacy and patient survival by embolizing tumor blood vessels and locally releasing chemotherapy drugs. At present, embolized microspheres face challenges such as invisibility, valuableness, and drug loading limitations, which may affect treatment efficacy and postoperative examination. In this study, we designed multifunctional and low-cost nanoassembled agarose microspheres (NAAMs) and evaluated their drug loading and release capabilities, multimodal imaging capabilities, and biocompatibility. NAAMs are assembled from gold magnetic nanoparticles and inexpensive agarose microspheres, which are tightly bonded by chemical bonds and modified by a sulfonic acid group on the surface. NAAMs have excellent ability of rapid drug loading and slow drug release. 1 mL of NAAMs can load with 84 mg of doxorubicin (DOX) or 89 mg of irinotecan, and the drug loading process can be completed almost within 30 min, while drug release can last for more than 120 h. Meanwhile, NAAMs have outstanding imaging capabilities and can achieve sensitive X-ray imaging\/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\/Raman multimodal imaging, meeting clinical examination requirements. Cell experiments and hemolysis coagulation tests have confirmed that NAAMs have good biocompatibility. Therefore, NAAMs with multimodal imaging and high drug loading capacity have great application prospects in the TACE treatment of liver cancer and colorectal cancer liver metastases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c01262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T06:19:43Z","timestamp":1760336383000},"page":"9947-9954","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multimodal Imaging\nNanoassembled Agarose Microspheres\nfor Drug Delivery in Transarterial Chemoembolization"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4802-0707","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310018"]},{"name":"Wenzhou Institute of National Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Wenzhou, P. R. China, 325000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longzi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanming","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haojun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Cancer Hospital , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changsheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , , ,","place":["Wenzhou, P. R. China, 325200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072914074714500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03290-5","article-title":"Microalgae-based biodegradable embolic\nagent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma through transarterial\nembolization","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026072914074714500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015314","article-title":"Drug-Eluting Bead Transarterial\nChemoembolization\n(TACE) vs Conventional TACE in Treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients\nwith Multiple Conventional TACE Treatments History","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072914074714500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.0088","article-title":"Update on Transarterial Chemoembolization\nwith Drug-Eluting\nMicrospheres for Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Nouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean\nJ. Radiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072914074714500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05542-5","article-title":"HCC:\nTransarterial Therapies\u2500What the Interventional\nRadiologist Can Offer","volume":"64","author":"Vogl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"issue":"28","key":"2026072914074714500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2018-0136","article-title":"DEB-TACE: A Standard Review","volume":"14","author":"Melchiorre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072914074714500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2013.07.003","article-title":"Use of Lipiodol as a Drug-Delivery System for Transcatheter Arterial\nChemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review","volume":"88","author":"Ide\u0301e","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072914074714500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2016.1192122","article-title":"Multifunctional Microbeads\nfor Drug Delivery in TACE","volume":"13","author":"Bannerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug\nDelivery"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072914074714500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.41943","article-title":"Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy\nof Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization (cTACE) and Drug-Eluting\nBead (DEB)-TACE in the Management of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma:\nA Systematic Review","volume":"15","author":"Ayyub","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072914074714500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3982-y","article-title":"Predictive\nFactors\nfor Complete Response of Chemoembolization with Drug-Eluting Beads\n(DEB-TACE) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Vesselle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur.\nRadiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072914074714500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11102330","article-title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Response to TACE Assessed\nwith Semiautomated Volumetric and Functional Analysis of Diffusion-Weighted\nand Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging Data","volume":"260","author":"Bonekamp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072914074714500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.02.031","article-title":"Development\nof \u201cImageable\u201d\nBeads for Transcatheter Embolotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vasc.\nInterv. Radiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072914074714500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12112316","article-title":"Intraprocedural\nC-Arm Dual-Phase Cone-Beam CT: Can It Be Used to Predict Short-Term\nResponse to TACE with Drug-Eluting Beads in Patients with Hepatocellular\nCarcinoma?","volume":"266","author":"Loffroy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026072914074714500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2018.11.002","article-title":"Updated Use of TACE for Hepatocellular\nCarcinoma Treatment:\nHow and When to Use It Based on Clinical Evidence","volume":"72","author":"Raoul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"2026072914074714500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024174","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1024174","article-title":"Multimodal Imaging of Nano-Assembled\nMicrospheres Loaded with Doxorubicin and Cisplatin for Liver Tumor\nTherapy","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026072914074714500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CC06582G","article-title":"SERS Microsensors\nfor pH Measurements in the Lumen and ECM of Stem Cell Derived Human\nAirway Organoids","volume":"59","author":"Skinner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026072914074714500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.02.020","article-title":"Gap-Enhanced Raman Tags for High-Contrast\nSentinel Lymph Node Imaging","volume":"163","author":"Bao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026072914074714500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11829-y","article-title":"Ultrabright Gap-Enhanced\nRaman Tags for High-Speed Bioimaging","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026072914074714500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763686","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.763686","article-title":"Rapid Monitoring\nof\nVancomycin Concentration in Serum Using Europium (III) Chelate Nanoparticle-Based\nLateral Flow Immunoassay","volume":"9","author":"Bian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072914074714500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/agt2.552","article-title":"Rhein-based Pickering emulsion for hepatocellular carcinoma:\nShaping\nthe metabolic signaling and immunoactivation in transarterial chemoembolization","volume":"5","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aggregate"},{"key":"2026072914074714500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.01.088","article-title":"Self-assembling\nchemodrug fiber-hydrogel for transarterial chemoembolization and radiotherapy-enhanced\nantitumor immunity","volume":"380","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026072914074714500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.01.074","article-title":"Optimizing\ninterventional therapy: A homogeneous lipiodol\nformulation of Tirapazamine and Sorafenib responsive to post-embolization\nmicroenvironment","volume":"379","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026072914074714500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.02.021","article-title":"A preclinical and first-in-human study of superstable\nhomogeneous\nradiolipiodol for revolutionizing interventional diagnosis and treatment\nof hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin.\nB"},{"key":"2026072914074714500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500231","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202500231","article-title":"FlexiPlasma Microcatheter\u2013Embolic\nMaterial (FPM-EM)\nPlatform: A Non-Inflammatory Pyroptosis Strategy for Precision Hepatocellular\nCarcinoma Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072914074714500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61621-4","article-title":"Tumor vessel-adaptable\nadhesive and absorbable microspheres for sustainable transarterial\nchemoembolization therapy","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026072914074714500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4132","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11272-8","article-title":"Degradable starch microspheres transarterial\nchemoembolization (DSM-TACE) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular\ncarcinoma: results from the Prospective Multicenter Observational\nHepaStar Trial","volume":"35","author":"Collettini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072914074714500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60040678","article-title":"Biodegradable\nmicrospheres for transarterial\nchemoembolization in malignant liver disease","volume":"60","author":"Moschovaki-Zeiger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026072914074714500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8817","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR01268A","article-title":"Magnetic Liquid\nMetal Loaded Nano-in-Micro Spheres as Fully Flexible Theranostic Agents\nfor SMART Embolization","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026072914074714500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4279","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S85095","article-title":"Polyetherimide-Grafted\nFe3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles as Theranostic\nAgents for Simultaneous VEGF siRNA Delivery and Magnetic Resonance\nCell Imaging","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072914074714500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.10823","article-title":"MRI Visible Drug\nEluting Magnetic Microspheres for Transcatheter Intra-Arterial Delivery\nto Liver Tumors","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072914074714500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-019-00166-6","article-title":"Biocompatibility of a New Kind of\nPolyvinyl Alcohol Embolic Microspheres: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation","volume":"61","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Bio Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsabm.5c01262","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article-pdf\/8\/11\/9947\/66301586\/acsabm.5c01262.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article-pdf\/8\/11\/9947\/66301586\/acsabm.5c01262.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T18:18:00Z","timestamp":1785349080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article\/8\/11\/9947\/3751575\/Multimodal-Imaging-Nanoassembled-Agarose"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsabm.5c01262","relation":{},"ISSN":["2576-6422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2576-6422","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]}}}