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However, several challenges limit its direct medical use, such as its short half-life, the non-biocompatibility of several NO donors, and their uncontrolled release patterns. To address these challenges, a series of nanomaterials, including vesicles, micelles, and niosomes, have been developed to incorporate a newly synthesized amphiphilic ruthenium nitrosyl (Ru-NO) complex as a versatile photoactivatable NO donor. Notably, this is the first report of encapsulating this amphiphilic Ru-NO complex designated as 1\u00b7NO, in niosomes (termed 1\u00b7NO-Nio) for phototriggered NO delivery. The release kinetics and quantum yield of 1\u00b7NO, as well as its nanoencapsulated forms 1\u00b7NO-Ves, 1\u00b7NO-Mic, and 1\u00b7NO-Nio, were evaluated using UV\u2013vis spectroscopy, Griess assay, and 4-amino-5-methylamino-2\u2032,7\u2032-difluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM DA) fluorescence under blue light irradiation (420 nm). Free 1\u00b7NO released a significant amount of NO (11 \u03bcM), whereas encapsulation within nanocarriers resulted in a more controlled and prolonged NO release, with release rates (kNO) of 0.0093, 0.0065, and 0.0025 min\u20131 for 1\u00b7NO-Ves, 1\u00b7NO-Mic, and 1\u00b7NO-Nio, respectively. All three nanocarrier-based nitric oxide (NO) delivery systems demonstrated pronounced, light-activated anticancer activity in vitro tests against the 4T1 breast cancer cell line, with the liposome-based formulation (1\u00b7NO-Ves) exhibiting the strongest therapeutic efficacy. These results underscore how distinct nanomaterial platforms can have a significant influence on the nitric oxide (NO) release behavior of a photocontrollable ruthenium nitrosyl (Ru-NO) complex. This underlines the critical role of nanocarrier design in optimizing the performance of photoactivated NO donors for cancer therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c01415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:21:44Z","timestamp":1761542504000},"page":"10078-10089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multi-nanocarrier\nStrategy for Light-Activated Nitric\nOxide Release: Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complexes in Liposomes, Micelles,\nand Niosomes for Cancer Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"8","author":[{"family":"Nitin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra , , , ,","place":["Kurukshetra, Haryana, India, 136119"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5960-3848","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nancy","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra , , , ,","place":["Kurukshetra, Haryana, India, 136119"]},{"name":"Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) , , Knowledge City, Sector 81 , , ,","place":["Mohali, Punjab, India, 140306"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) , , Knowledge City, Sector 81 , , ,","place":["Mohali, Punjab, India, 140306"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra , , , ,","place":["Kurukshetra, Haryana, India, 136119"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7221-7477","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Asifkhan","family":"Shanavas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) , , Knowledge City, Sector 81 , , ,","place":["Mohali, Punjab, India, 140306"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2978-3400","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"D. Amilan","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra , , , ,","place":["Kurukshetra, Haryana, India, 136119"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2026072914063523300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2214","article-title":"Nitric oxide in the central nervous\nsystem: neuroprotection versus neurotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Calabrese","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"44","key":"2026072914063523300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59697","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c13478","article-title":"Nitric Oxide-Photodelivering\nMaterials with Multiple Functionalities: From Rational Design to Therapeutic\nApplications","volume":"16","author":"Parisi","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. 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