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This sensor utilizes the enhanced electrochemical current response generated by a composite material consisting of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) decorated on a metal\u2013organic framework (MOF) containing iron and cobalt (FeCo). The Au NP-decorated FeCo-based MOF labeled with primary antibodies (Ab1) significantly enhances the electrochemical response, enabling accurate detection of AFP. Similarly, HRP\u2013Au nanoprism (Au NPR) nanocomposites were prepared via a one-pot assembly, where horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the secondary antibody (Ab2) were coimmobilized on Au NPRs to form a stable nanocomposite. The immunosensor was fabricated by assembling Au NPs@ FeCo-MOF and capture antibodies (Ab1) onto a glassy carbon electrode. The MOF served as a conductive matrix, AuNPs enhanced electron transfer, and Ab1 ensured specific antigen recognition. When the AFP antigen is present, labeled Ab2 binds to the Au NP-decorated FeCo-MOF via specific antigen\u2013antibody interactions, leading to enhanced electrochemical signals for sensitive detection. The immunosensor response was measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 3,3\u2032,5,5\u2032-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Under controlled conditions, the immunosensor exhibited a linear response to AFP over the range of 0.0001 to 100 ng mL\u20131, with a detection limit of 1.2 pg mL\u20131 (S\/N = 3), indicating high sensitivity. The immunosensor\u2019s performance was validated by detecting AFP in human serum samples, demonstrating its potential for ultrasensitive detection of AFP and other biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c01820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T13:42:45Z","timestamp":1762350165000},"page":"10472-10482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Electrochemical Sensitive\nDetection of Alpha-Fetoprotein Using HRP-Gold Nanostructures on Fe\u2013Co\nMOF-Derived Nanocomposites"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"So Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital , , ,","place":["Jeonju, South Korea, 54907"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanmugam","family":"Sureshkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dankook University , , ,","place":["Cheonan, Republic of Korea, 31116"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hak Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeonbuk National University , , ,","place":["Jeonju, Republic of Korea, 561-756"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2137-1703","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alagan","family":"Muthurasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeonbuk National University , , ,","place":["Jeonju, Republic of Korea, 561-756"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8781-9622","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae Chol","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital , , ,","place":["Jeonju, South Korea, 54907"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2026072914073356800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.041","article-title":"Cancer Biomarkers: Emerging Trends and Clinical Implications\nfor Personalized Treatment","volume":"187","author":"Passaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072914073356800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57516","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ad4c57","article-title":"Review\u2500Nanotechnology-Assisted\nElectrochemical Immunosensors for Human Reproductive Cancer Diagnostics:\nToward Laboratory to Clinics to Personalized Health Care","volume":"171","author":"R","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072914073356800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14843","article-title":"Epidemiological Projections of Viral-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma\nin the Perspective of WHO Global Hepatitis Elimination","volume":"41","author":"Vo Quang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"issue":"April","key":"2026072914073356800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1363695","article-title":"The Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein in the Tumor Microenvironment\nof Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072914073356800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2022.04.001","article-title":"Expert\nConsensus on the Role of Hematological Markers in the Early Clinical\nScreening of Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Infectious diseases branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver\nRes."},{"issue":"March","key":"2026072914073356800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2022.101422","article-title":"Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at Different\nSerum Alpha-Fetoprotein Level","volume":"20","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072914073356800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4863","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26104863","article-title":"Exploring the Multifunctional Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Cancer\nProgression: Implications for Targeted Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma\nand Beyond","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072914073356800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12122769","article-title":"Early Alpha-Fetoprotein\nResponse Predicts Sustained Tumor Response Following Immune Checkpoint\nInhibitors Combined with Targeted Therapy in Liver Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.12.082","article-title":"Sandwich-Type Electrochemical Immunosensor for the\nDetection of AFP Based on Pd Octahedral and APTES-M-CeO2-GS as Signal\nLabels","volume":"79","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072914073356800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200053","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.202200053","article-title":"Electrochemical Immunosensors: The\nEvolution from Elisa to E\u03bcPADs","volume":"35","author":"Ochoa-Ruiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197410)34:8+&lt;1510::aid-cncr2820340824&gt;3.0.co;2-y","article-title":"The use of a radioimmunoassay\nfor alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of malignancy","volume":"34","author":"Waldmann","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"March","key":"2026072914073356800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124669","article-title":"An Electrochemiluminescence\nResonance Energy Transfer Biosensor Based on Luminol-LDH and CuS@Pt\nfor Detection of Alpha-Fetoprotein","volume":"261","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2020.135621","article-title":"Boron Nitride Quantum Dots as Electrochemiluminescence\nCoreactants of RGO@Au@Ru\u2013SiO2 for Label-Free Detection of AFP\nin Human Serum","volume":"335","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2025.03.052","article-title":"Electrochemical\nDetection of Alpha-Fetoprotein Using Graphene-Assisted Sensors: A\nNovel Approach for Liver Cancer Screening","volume":"123","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alexandria\nEng. J."},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2025.2476592","article-title":"Protein G Integrated Titanium Dioxide-Multiwalled Carbon\nNanotube (MWCNT) Based Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Ultrasensitive\nDetermination of the Dengue NS1 Biomarker","author":"R","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal.\nLett."},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116827","article-title":"Ultrasensitive Lab-on-Paper Electrochemical Device\nvia Heterostructure Copper\/Cuprous Sulfide@N-Doped C@Au Hollow Nanoboxes\nas Signal Amplifier for Alpha-Fetoprotein Detection","volume":"267","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. 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Energy Mater."},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2021.107846","article-title":"An Ultrasensitive\nDisposable Sandwich-Configuration Electrochemical Immunosensor Based\non OMC@AuNPs Composites and AuPt-MB for Alpha-Fetoprotein Detection","volume":"141","author":"Rong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2020.114356","article-title":"Metal-Organic\nFramework\u2013Assisted Bimetallic Ni@Cu Microsphere for Enzyme-Free\nElectrochemical Sensing of Glucose","volume":"873","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electroanal.\nChem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072914073356800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.202060566","article-title":"Highly Oriented\nNitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Integrated Bimetallic Cobalt Copper\nOrganic Framework for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose and Hydrogen\nPeroxide Sensor","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026072914073356800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25237","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c22733","article-title":"Engineering\nEfficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst of Ruthenium Nanocluster Heterointerface\nIntegrated Nickel-Iron Diselenide for Alkaline Freshwater and Seawater\nElectrolysis","volume":"17","author":"Muthurasu","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. 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Interfaces"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072914073356800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2411019","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202411019","article-title":"A Simple and Efficient\nNon-Noble Cathode Catalyst Based on Carbon Hollow Nanocapsules Containing\nCobalt-Based Materials for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer","volume":"21","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2022.107463","article-title":"An Innovative Electrochemical Immunosensor\nBased on Nanobody Heptamer and AuNPs@ZIF-8 Nanocomposites as Support\nfor the Detection of Alpha Fetoprotein in Serum","volume":"179","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072914073356800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117523","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ad8fd7","article-title":"Enhanced Cervical\nCancer Screening: A Sensitive Electrochemical Approach for HPV 18\nL1 Protein Detection Using a Gold-Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Immunosensor","volume":"171","author":"Lala","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2022.130081","article-title":"Tuning the Structure and Plasmonic\nProperties of Pt\u2013Au Triangular Nanoprisms: From Deposition\nto Etching","volume":"653","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072914073356800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-023-00351-x","article-title":"Non-Spherical Gold Nanoparticles Enhanced Fluorescence\nof Carbon Dots for Norovirus-like Particles Detection","volume":"17","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.179011","article-title":"A Novel NH2-MIL-88B@ZIF-67 Heterostructure\nBased on MOF-on-MOF Strategy for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction","volume":"1017","author":"Ou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2022.02.097","article-title":"Highly Ordered Nanoarrays\nCatalysts Embedded in Carbon Nanotubes as Highly Efficient and Robust\nAir Electrode for Flexible Solid-State Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries","volume":"616","author":"Muthurasu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072914073356800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c00276","article-title":"Integration of Carboxylate Carbon\nDot-Supported Gold Nanoparticles with Boron Nitride Nanosheets for\nElectrochemical Sensing of Prostate-Specific Antigen via Sandwich\nImmunoassays","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"issue":"March","key":"2026072914073356800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115245","article-title":"An Integrated and Flexible PDMS\/Au\nFilm-Based Electrochemical Immunosensor via Fe\u2013Co MOF as a\nSignal Amplifier for Alpha Fetoprotein Detection","volume":"230","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"May","key":"2026072914073356800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.111382","article-title":"Multifunctional Methyl Orange-Delaminated Ti3C2MXene\nfor Non-Enzymatic\/Metal-Free Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen\nPeroxide and Hydrazine","volume":"205","author":"Mehdi Khoshfetrat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072914073356800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.201300221","article-title":"Electrochemical Genotyping of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms\nby Using Monobase-Conjugated Modified Nanoparticles","volume":"1","author":"Mehdikhoshfetrat","year":"2014","journal-title":"ChemElectroChem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072914073356800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoes.2023.100081","article-title":"A Graphene-Assisted\nElectrochemical Sensor for Detection of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Serum","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.04.015","article-title":"A Sensitive\nLabel-Free Immunosensor for Detection \u03b1-Fetoprotein in Whole\nBlood Based on Anticoagulating Magnetic Nanoparticles","volume":"95","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"June","key":"2026072914073356800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.06.042","article-title":"Proximity Hybridization-Regulated\nElectrogenerated Chemiluminescence Bioassay of \u03b1-Fetoprotein\nvia Target-Induced Quenching Mechanism","volume":"98","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens.\nBioelectron."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072914073356800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c05193","article-title":"Homogeneous Electrochemical Immunoassay Using an Aggregation-Collision\nStrategy for Alpha-Fetoprotein Detection","volume":"95","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal.\nChem."},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.589560","article-title":"An Electrochemical Sandwich Immunosensor Based on Signal Amplification\nTechnique for the Determination of Alpha-Fetoprotein","volume":"8","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072914073356800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.202060219","article-title":"Polyaniline Based\nElectrochemical Biosensor for \u03b1-Fetoprotein Detection Using\nBio-Functionalized Nanoparticles as Detection Probe","volume":"32","author":"Amarnath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2024.342411","article-title":"Portable Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay with Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System\nfor Alpha-Fetoprotein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"1298","author":"Lou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"July","key":"2026072914073356800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.07.016","article-title":"Peptide Modified Paper Based Impedimetric Immunoassay\nwith Nanocomposite Electrodes as a Point-of-Care Testing of Alpha-Fetoprotein\nin Human Serum","volume":"117","author":"Moazeni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130136","article-title":"Graded Oxygen-Doped\nCdS Electrode for Portable Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay of Alpha-Fetoprotein\nCoupling with a Digital Multimeter Readout","volume":"343","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"40","key":"2026072914073356800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7319","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AY02555B","article-title":"A Label-Free Electrochemical\nImmunosensor for the Detection of Cancer Biomarker \u03b1-Fetoprotein\n(AFP) Based on Hydroxyapatite Induced Redox Current","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"issue":"March","key":"2026072914073356800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124492","article-title":"Electrochemical\nImmunosensor Based on Fe3O4\/MWCNTs-COOH\/AuNPs Nanocomposites for Trace\nLiver Cancer Marker Alpha-Fetoprotein Detection","volume":"259","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026072914073356800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.916357","article-title":"A Sandwich-like\nConfiguration with a Signal Amplification Strategy Using a Methylene\nBlue\/Aptamer Complex on a Heterojunction 2D MoSe2\/2D WSe2 Electrode:\nToward a Portable and Sensitive Electrochemical Alpha-Fetoprotein\nImmunoassay","volume":"12","author":"Chanarsa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026072914073356800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7361","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AY01922F","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical\nSensor for Advanced Diagnosis of Alpha-Fetoprotein","volume":"8","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072914073356800_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13969","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93399-y","article-title":"A Simple Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive\nDetection of Alpha-Fetoprotein Based on Specific Aptamer Immobilized\nPlatinum Nanoparticles\/Carboxylated-Graphene Oxide","volume":"11","author":"Upan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Bio Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsabm.5c01820","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article-pdf\/8\/11\/10472\/66321512\/acsabm.5c01820.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article-pdf\/8\/11\/10472\/66321512\/acsabm.5c01820.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T18:14:53Z","timestamp":1785348893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article\/8\/11\/10472\/5236238\/Electrochemical-Sensitive-Detection-of-Alpha"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsabm.5c01820","relation":{},"ISSN":["2576-6422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2576-6422","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]}}}