{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:30:49Z","timestamp":1786966249303,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020201","name":"Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-230-CHY-MIP-ERG-SP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-230-CHY-MIP-ERG-SP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020201","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/2023\/002841\/OC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2023\/002841\/OC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004541","name":"Ministry of Education, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID-3103661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID-3103661"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006144","name":"Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A structurally tunable library of six triazole-dansyl fluorophores was investigated for substitution-dependent recognition of glutathione (GSH). All probes showed fluorescence quenching upon GSH addition, with the aliphatic\u2013aliphatic derivative P4 exhibiting the highest sensitivity (LOD: 123 nM). High selectivity toward GSH was observed over competing amino acids, metal ions, and biomolecules, with minimal interference under competitive conditions. Mechanistic studies (UV-Vis, ESI-MS, 1H NMR, FTIR, PXRD, molecular docking, and DFT) revealed multivalent noncovalent interactions with a 2:1 binding stoichiometry, inducing perturbation of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state. Time-resolved fluorescence confirmed a dynamic quenching pathway, while quantum yield measurements showed up to 49% quenching. pH- and temperature-dependent studies established optimal performance under physiological conditions. Practical applicability was demonstrated in human serum, cow urine, and goat blood with recoveries of 95\u2013115% and negligible matrix effects. P4 did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity in HeLa cells even at 100 \u03bcM. Fluorescence-based detection of GSH in HeLa cells and A549 cells confirmed the probe\u2019s sensing capability in mammalian cells, while cellular imaging established its suitability for bioimaging applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.6c00413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:11:47Z","timestamp":1785849107000},"page":"7419-7427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tunable Triazole-Dansyl Fluorescent Probes for Glutathione Detection: Modulating Probe\u2013Biomarker Interactions for Enhanced Sensitivity and Selectivity in Biological, Environmental, and Cellular Systems"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Geethanjali","family":"Anand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad , , , ,","place":["Palakkad, Kerala, India, 678623"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9195-2204","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karthika","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad , , , ,","place":["Palakkad, Kerala, India, 678623"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaseela","family":"Keedakkadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad , , , ,","place":["Palakkad, Kerala, India, 678623"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3302-5875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sushabhan","family":"Sadhukhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad , , , ,","place":["Palakkad, Kerala, India, 678623"]},{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad , , , ,","place":["Palakkad, Kerala, India, 678623"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2742-2559","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mintu","family":"Porel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad , , , ,","place":["Palakkad, Kerala, India, 678623"]},{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad , , , ,","place":["Palakkad, Kerala, India, 678623"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026081707154755200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1039\/b200007e","article-title":"Colorimetric detection of thiol-containing amino acids using gold nanoparticles","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"2026081707154755200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.013","article-title":"The basics of thiols and cysteines in redox biology and chemistry","volume":"80","author":"Poole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081707154755200_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06183.x","article-title":"Reflections on the role of the thiol group in biology","volume":"899","author":"Haugaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2026081707154755200_cit4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Oxidative Stress and Redox Regulation","author":"Conte","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081707154755200_cit5","first-page":"8","article-title":"Glutathione!","volume":"13","author":"Pizzorno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Integr. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081707154755200_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02893062","article-title":"Reduced Glutathione: Importance of Specimen Collection","volume":"20","author":"Chavan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"34","key":"2026081707154755200_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8285","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TB01114G","article-title":"Recent Advances on Nanomaterial-Based Glutathione Sensors","volume":"12","author":"Bagherpour","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026081707154755200_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202115820","article-title":"Versatile Construction of Biomimetic Nanosensors for Electrochemical Monitoring of Intracellular Glutathione","volume":"61","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026081707154755200_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5906","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201702114","article-title":"A Reversible Fluorescent Probe for Real-Time Quantitative Monitoring of Cellular Glutathione","volume":"129","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026081707154755200_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2025.139045","article-title":"Real-Time Tracking of Glutathione and Superoxide Anion Dynamics in Living Cells during Oxidative Stress Using Electrochemical Sensors","volume":"448","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026081707154755200_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.02.082","article-title":"Paper-Based Electroanalytical Strip for User-Friendly Blood Glutathione Detection","volume":"294","author":"Tomei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081707154755200_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13010016","article-title":"Fluorescent Sensing of Glutathione and Related Bio-Applications","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"2026081707154755200_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2017.01.033","article-title":"A Novel and Sensitive Fluorescence Sensor for Glutathione Detection by Controlling the Surface Passivation Degree of Carbon Quantum Dots","volume":"166","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081707154755200_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4618","DOI":"10.1039\/D4MA00185K","article-title":"Carbon Dot as Fluorescence Sensor for Glutathione in Human Serum Samples: A Review","volume":"5","author":"Kayani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081707154755200_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc38429a","article-title":"A Turn-On Fluorescent Sensor for the Discrimination of Cysteine from Homocysteine and Glutathione","volume":"49","author":"Niu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026081707154755200_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9710","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901935a","article-title":"Graphene Oxide Amplified Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Quantum Dots and Its Selective Sensing for Glutathione from Thiol-Containing Compounds","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"46","key":"2026081707154755200_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18928","DOI":"10.1021\/ja309079f","article-title":"BODIPY-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Highly Selective Detection of Glutathione over Cysteine and Homocysteine","volume":"134","author":"Niu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026081707154755200_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2024.116249","article-title":"Tuning F\u00f6rster Resonance Energy Transfer Efficiency via Functional Group Modulation of Dansyl-Tagged Molecules in Interaction with the Anti-Tuberculosis Drug, Rifampicin","volume":"462","author":"Anand","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., A"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081707154755200_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.025","article-title":"A Rapid, Reversible, and Tunable Method to Regulate Protein Function in Living Cells Using Synthetic Small Molecules","volume":"126","author":"Banaszynski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026081707154755200_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7812","DOI":"10.1039\/D5MA00504C","article-title":"Fluorescent Hyperbranched Polymers with Tunable Backbone: Design, Synthesis and Application in Coloring and Anti-Counterfeit","volume":"6","author":"Anand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081707154755200_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3390\/org4020018","article-title":"A Novel Class of Functionally Tuneable Star-Shaped Molecules for Interaction with Multiple Proteins","volume":"4","author":"Barik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Organics"},{"issue":"50","key":"2026081707154755200_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10780","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.4c03784","article-title":"Fluorescent Macrocycles with Customizable Backbone: Design, Synthesis, and Detection of Explosive Picric Acid","volume":"26","author":"Mol","year":"2024","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081707154755200_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.55559\/jjbrpac.v3i1.623","article-title":"Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Imidazole (MID): A Highly Sensitive Turn-Off Fluorescence Probe for Mercury (II) Ion Detection","volume":"3","author":"Alam","year":"2026","journal-title":"Jabirian J. Biointerface Res. Pharm. Appl. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081707154755200_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10895-025-04269-z","article-title":"Recent Progress in Triazole Based Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Chemosensor for the Detection of Hg2+ Metal Ion: A Review","volume":"35","author":"Salma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Fluoresc."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081707154755200_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TB03184C","article-title":"A Copper-Mediated On\u2013Off\u2013On Gold Nanocluster for Endogenous GSH Sensing To Drive Cancer Cell Recognition","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026081707154755200_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.06.045","article-title":"Conjugating Folic Acid to Gold Nanoparticles through Glutathione for Targeting and Detecting Cancer Cells","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026081707154755200_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18250","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c00283","article-title":"Dual Photoluminescence Emission Carbon Dots for Ratiometric Fluorescent GSH Sensing and Cancer Cell Recognition","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081707154755200_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.132663","article-title":"Light-Addressable Photoelectrochemical Sensors for Multichannel Detections of GPC1, CEA and GSH and Its Applications in Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"372","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"39","key":"2026081707154755200_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25691","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b06353","article-title":"Fluorescent Indicator Displacement Assay: Ultrasensitive Detection of Glutathione and Selective Cancer Cell Imaging","volume":"8","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026081707154755200_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5911","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c00259","article-title":"Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Tuned High-Affinity MnO2 Nanozyme for Multisignal GSH Sensing and Target Cancer Cell Detection","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Bio Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsabm.6c00413","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article-pdf\/9\/16\/7419\/66303658\/mt-2026-00413e.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article-pdf\/9\/16\/7419\/66303658\/mt-2026-00413e.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:16:03Z","timestamp":1786965363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article\/9\/16\/7419\/5235267\/Tunable-Triazole-Dansyl-Fluorescent-Probes-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsabm.6c00413","relation":{},"ISSN":["2576-6422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2576-6422","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]}}}