{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T08:47:46Z","timestamp":1792399666717,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The integration of microneedles (MNs) with electrochemical biosensors is a promising strategy for minimally invasive detection of metabolites from interstitial fluid (ISF). Conventional MN-based sensing platforms typically rely on conductive coatings or surface functionalization of MNs to obtain an electrochemical signal. However, such modifications increase fabrication steps, reduce dermal biocompatibility, and compromise their structural integrity during skin insertion. Here, we have integrated chitosan MNs with a printed electrochemical sensor (i.e., laser-scribed graphene; LSG) without modifying the needle surface for the non-enzymatic detection of uric acid (UA). For this, a filter paper disc was sandwiched between the MN array and the printed LSG sensor for efficient absorption and uniform distribution of a small volume of ISF collected from the artificial skin via MNs to form a complete electrochemical circuit. The developed MNs-integrated paper-interfaced LSG (MNs-P-LSG) sensor exhibited diffusion-controlled charge transfer behavior, with an apparent diffusion coefficient of 2.97 \u00d7 10\u20135 cm2s\u20131. The sensor exhibits a linear detection range from 100 to 1000 \u03bcM with a sensitivity of 0.006 \u03bcA\u03bcM\u20131 i.e. 0.053 \u03bcA\u03bcM\u20131cm\u20132 and a limit of detection of 91 \u03bcM, covering the clinically relevant range. Validation studies performed using artificial ISF incorporated into phantom gel (artificial skin) showed recovery deviations of up to 15%, indicating acceptable analytical accuracy. Thus, the developed MNs-P-LSG sensor enables enzyme-free, minimally invasive detection of UA without surface modification of MNs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.6c01237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:01:48Z","timestamp":1791500508000},"page":"9732-9744","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Modification-Free Microneedle-Integrated Printed Electrochemical Sensor for Uric Acid Detection in Artificial Skin"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rushabh Jayantilal","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , , ,","place":["Guwahati, India, 781101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasirali","family":"Pannikkandathil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , , ,","place":["Guwahati, India, 781101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar A.","family":"Raut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , , ,","place":["Guwahati, India, 781101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayur Krishna","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , , ,","place":["Guwahati, India, 781101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-0402","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suman","family":"Pahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) , ,","place":["Bengaluru, India, 560065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6597-3554","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saurabh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , , ,","place":["Guwahati, India, 781101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026101904073550500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11090296","article-title":"Recent Advances in Microneedle-Based Sensors for Sampling, Diagnosis and Monitoring of Chronic Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Erdem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"2026101904073550500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sintl.2024.100325","article-title":"Current Advancements in Microneedle Technology for Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications","volume":"6","author":"Sen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. 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Bioelectron."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101904073550500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15060380","article-title":"Electrochemical Microneedles for Real-Time Monitoring in Interstitial Fluid: Emerging Technologies and Future Directions","volume":"15","author":"Cha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101904073550500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2022.12.004","article-title":"Microneedle-Based Interstitial Fluid Extraction for Drug Analysis: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. 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