{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:07:46Z","timestamp":1788772066787,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21EB031532-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21EB031532-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100027426","name":"Schmidt Futures","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100027426","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cell culture platforms benefit from chemical cues that recapitulate key aspects of the native biological environment. However, substantial challenges remain in designing scaffolds that also control the spatial organization of these cues. This is particularly difficult at gel interfaces, where functional groups must be presented within the outermost few nanometers to efficiently direct processes such as cell adhesion and spreading, but where nano- to microscale heterogeneities in synthetic hydrogel structure can obscure intended patterns. Here, we show that highly structured functional molecular layers, covalently transferred to polyacrylamide (PAAm), create hydrogel interfaces with defined surface chemistries, including amine, carboxylate, and zwitterionic groups, that regulate adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of C2C12 murine myoblasts on hydrogels ranging from 10 to 90 kPa in stiffness. Functionalization with charged headgroup chemistries within this nanometer-thick interfacial layer increases cell density by 2\u20136-fold and average cell area by 50\u2013100% relative to unfunctionalized PAAm, while increasing the abundance of extended triangular and rectangular cell morphologies by 5\u201330-fold. Upon differentiation, amine-functionalized 10 kPa surfaces exhibit geometric mean cell densities 24-fold higher than unfunctionalized surfaces, as well as \u223c2-fold higher median numbers of nuclei per multinucleate structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.6c01548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:29:44Z","timestamp":1788316184000},"page":"8416-8426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanostructured Hydrogel Surface Functionalization Controls C2C12 Myoblast Adhesion and Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Teah N.","family":"Tirey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University , , West Lafayette , ,","place":["Indiana, USA, 47907"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura O.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University , , West Lafayette , ,","place":["Indiana, USA, 47907"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szu-Han","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University , , West Lafayette , ,","place":["Indiana, USA, 47907"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7278-0726","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soumya","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University , , West Lafayette , ,","place":["Indiana, USA, 47907"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4326-2671","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tobiloba E.","family":"Awoyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University , , West Lafayette , ,","place":["Indiana, USA, 47907"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Calve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University , , West Lafayette , ,","place":["Indiana, USA, 47907"]},{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, USA, 80309"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8599-0589","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shelley A.","family":"Claridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University , , West Lafayette , ,","place":["Indiana, USA, 47907"]},{"name":"Purdue University , , West Lafayette , ,","place":["Indiana, USA, 47907"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-062117-120954","article-title":"Engineering Hydrogel Microenvironments to Recapitulate the Stem Cell Niche","volume":"20","author":"Madl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3839","article-title":"A Practical Guide to Hydrogels for Cell Culture","volume":"13","author":"Caliari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialsau.5c00133","article-title":"Nano- and Microscale Chemical and Topographical Patterning of Synthetic Cell Scaffolds: From Hard to Soft Materials","volume":"5","author":"Williams","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Au"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(04)74140-5","article-title":"Substrate Compliance Versus Ligand Density in Cell on Gel Responses","volume":"86","author":"Engler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.044","article-title":"Matrix Elasticity Directs Stem Cell Lineage Specification","volume":"126","author":"Engler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.04.030","article-title":"Surface Functionalization of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels by Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films","volume":"32","author":"Yamanlar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2821619","article-title":"New Perspectives in Cell Adhesion: RGD and Integrins","volume":"238","author":"Ruoslahti","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71604-9","article-title":"A Synthetic Peptide Containing the IKVAV Sequence from the a Chain of Laminin Mediates Cell Attachment, Migration, and Neurite Outgrowth","volume":"264","author":"Tashiro","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30986","article-title":"Biomimetic Interfacial Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Control Neural Stem Cell Behavior","volume":"81A","author":"Saha","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.11.030","article-title":"Functionalization of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels with ECM-Derived Peptides to Control Myoblast Behavior","volume":"84","author":"Garcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200500184","article-title":"Laser Scanning Lithography for Surface Micropatterning on Hydrogels","volume":"17","author":"Hahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2473","article-title":"Sequential Click Reactions for Synthesizing and Patterning Three-Dimensional Cell Microenvironments","volume":"8","author":"DeForest","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202001198","article-title":"Surface Patterning of Hydrogel Biomaterials to Probe and Direct Cell-Matrix Interactions","volume":"7","author":"Munoz-Robles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08602","article-title":"Designing Materials to Direct Stem-Cell Fate","volume":"462","author":"Lutolf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0300789","article-title":"Self-Assembled Monolayers of Thiolates on Metals as a Form of Nanotechnology","volume":"105","author":"Love","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1039\/b206566p","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Self-Assembly Probed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy","volume":"32","author":"De Feyter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1021\/jp045298k","article-title":"Self-Assembly at the Liquid\/Solid Interface: STM Reveals","volume":"109","author":"De Feyter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5317.1425","article-title":"Geometric Control of Cell Life and Death","volume":"276","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4872","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903269107","article-title":"Geometric Cues for Directing the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"107","author":"Kilian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/35055625","article-title":"Nanoscale Control of Chain Polymerization","volume":"409","author":"Okawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6681","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CC02596G","article-title":"Standing, Lying, and Sitting: Translating Building Principles of the Cell Membrane to Synthetic 2D Material Interfaces","volume":"54","author":"Claridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7516","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.6c00169","article-title":"Rapid, Reduced-Volume Langmuir Assembly of Nanostructured Surfaces for Inorganic Nanocrystal Assembly and Multivalent Binding","volume":"9","author":"Awoyemi","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15429","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c07428","article-title":"Lipids: An Atomic Toolkit for the Endless Frontier","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c08741","article-title":"One Nanometer Wide Functional Patterns with a Sub-10 Nanometer Pitch Transferred to an Amorphous Elastomeric Material","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25436","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202110517","article-title":"Plenty of Room at the Top: A Multi-Scale Understanding of nm-Resolution Polymer Patterning on 2D Materials","volume":"60","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11360","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c22646","article-title":"Designing Interfacial Reactions for Nanometer-Scale Surface Patterning of PDMS with Controlled Elastic Modulus","volume":"15","author":"Williams","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202509179","article-title":"Topochemical Photopolymerization above the Bulk Melting Temperature in Noncovalent Monolayers on Graphite","volume":"21","author":"Garfield","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44152","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c05086","article-title":"Sub-10 \u03bcm Soft Interlayers Integrating Patterned Multivalent Biomolecular Binding Environments","volume":"16","author":"Nava","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7472","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c18718","article-title":"A 15-nm-Thick Interlayer for Nanoscale Functional Patterning of Hard and Soft Materials","volume":"18","author":"Nava","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.70698","article-title":"Mapping Nanoscale Order\u2013Disorder Transitions to Optimal Topochemical Polymerization across Alkyl Diacetylene Monolayers","volume":"10","author":"Garfield","year":"2026","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43937","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c12034","article-title":"Nanostructured Surface Functionaliztaion of Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Below the Length Scale of Hydrogel Heterogeneity","volume":"14","author":"Arango","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8264","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.4c01106","article-title":"Nanoscale Surface Chemical Patterning of Soft Polyacrylamide with Elastic Modulus Similar to Soft Tissue","volume":"36","author":"Tirey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c09937","article-title":"Surface-Templated Glycopolymer Nanopatterns Transferred to Hydrogels for Designed Multivalent Carbohydrate\u2013Lectin Interactions across Length Scales","volume":"145","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13059","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CC05221K","article-title":"Nanometer-Scale Patterning of Hard and Soft Interfaces: From Photolithography to Molecular-Scale Design","volume":"94","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22634","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c04534","article-title":"Nanometer-Scale Precision Polymer Patterning of PDMS: Multiscale Insights into Patterning Efficiency Using Alkyldiynamines","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00178a020","article-title":"Elastic Properties of Highly Cross-Linked Polyacrylamide Gels","volume":"20","author":"Baselga","year":"1987","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/270725a0","article-title":"Serial Passaging and Differentiation of Myogenic Cells Isolated from Dystrophic Mouse Muscle","volume":"270","author":"Yaffe","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5623","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.9.5623","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of Human Muscle Cells","volume":"78","author":"Blau","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5454","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.8b00553","article-title":"Spatially Controlled Noncovalent Functionalization of 2D Materials Based on Molecular Architecture","volume":"34","author":"Bang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36409","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b11683","article-title":"Multimicrometer Noncovalent Monolayer Domains on Layered Materials through Thermally Controlled Langmuir-Schaefer Conversion for Noncovalent 2D Functionalization","volume":"9","author":"Hayes","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interf."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7037","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.1c01063","article-title":"Striped Poly(Diacetylene) Monolayers Control Adsorption of Polyelectrolytes and Proteins on 2D Materials and Elastomers","volume":"4","author":"Bechtold","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4787","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-3861(94)90733-1","article-title":"Chain-Length Effects in Polydiacetylene Yellow Solutions","volume":"35","author":"Campbell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1051\/jphys:01988004905086100","article-title":"Solutions of Polydiacetylenes in Good and Poor Solvents: A Light and Neutron Scattering Study","volume":"49","author":"Rawiso","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Phys."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202000757","article-title":"Protein Adsorption on Grafted Zwitterionic Polymers Depends on Chain Density and Molecular Weight","volume":"30","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40580-017-0099-9","article-title":"Mechanical Properties of Paraformaldehyde-Treated Individual Cells Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Convergence"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200405004","article-title":"Myotubes Differentiate Optimally on Substrates with Tissue-Like Stiffness","volume":"166","author":"Engler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11132122","article-title":"Optimization of Mechanosensitive Cross-Talk between Matrix Stiffness and Protein Density: Independent Matrix Properties Regulate Spreading Dynamics of Myocytes","volume":"11","author":"Brock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58082-0","article-title":"Automated Prediction of Fibroblast Phenotypes Using Mathematical Descriptors of Cellular Features","volume":"16","author":"Khang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(97)80124-X","article-title":"Integrins and Anoikis","volume":"9","author":"Frisch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092053","article-title":"Cell Migration: Integrating Signals from Front to Back","volume":"302","author":"Ridley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/385537a0","article-title":"Integrin-Ligand Binding Properties Govern Cell Migration Speed through Cell-Substratum Adhesiveness","volume":"385","author":"Palacek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b13179","article-title":"Sitting Phases of Polymerizable Amphiphiles for Controlled Functionalization of Layered Materials","volume":"138","author":"Bang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.7b03845","article-title":"Hierarchically Patterned Noncovalent Functionalization of 2D Materials by Controlled Langmuir-Schaefer Conversion","volume":"34","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36409","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b11683","article-title":"Multimicrometer Noncovalent Monolayer Domains on Layered Materials through Thermally Controlled Langmuir-Schaefer Conversion for Noncovalent 2D Functionalization","volume":"9","author":"Hayes","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090701074319500_cit55","unstructured":"Williams, L. O.\n          \n          Patterning Below the Length Scale of Heterogeneity: Nanometer-Scale Chemical Patterning of Elastomeric Surfaces. Ph.D. Dissertation, Purdue University: West Lafayette, IN, 2023."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Bio Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsabm.6c01548","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article-pdf\/9\/17\/8416\/67587496\/mt-2026-01548r.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article-pdf\/9\/17\/8416\/67587496\/mt-2026-01548r.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T08:10:00Z","timestamp":1788768600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aabmcb\/article\/9\/17\/8416\/5347617\/Nanostructured-Hydrogel-Surface-Functionalization"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsabm.6c01548","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.26434\/chemrxiv.15005759\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2576-6422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2576-6422","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]}}}