{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T12:53:26Z","timestamp":1791636806830,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFD0600202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0600202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of CAF","award":["CAFYBB2020QA004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAFYBB2020QA004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Flexible pressure sensors have received wide attention because of their potential applications in wearable electronics and electronic skins (e-skins). However, the high performance of the pressure sensors relies principally on the introduction of complex surface microstructures, which often involves either complicated procedures or costly microfabrication methods. Moreover, these devices predominantly use synthetic polymers as flexible substrates, which are generally nonbiodegradable or not ecofriendly. Here, we report a facile and scalable processing strategy to convert naturally rigid wood into reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-modified flexible wood (FW\/rGO) via saw cutting, chemical treatment, and rGO coating, resulting in high-performance wood-based flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors. Benefiting from the largely deformable ribbon-like surface microstructures, the obtained wood-based pressure sensor displayed a high sensitivity of 1.85 kPa\u20131 over a broad linear range up to 60 kPa and showed high stability over 10\u202f000 cyclic pressings. The favorable sensing performance of the pressure sensor allows for accurate recognition of finger movements, acoustic vibrations, and real-time pulse waves. Moreover, a large-area pressure sensor array has been successfully assembled on one piece of flexible wood for spatial pressure mapping. The proposed strategy of directly using natural wood for high-performance flexible pressure sensors is simple, low-cost, sustainable, and scalable, opening up a new avenue for the development of next-generation wearable electronics and e-skins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c12561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T01:03:31Z","timestamp":1600909411000},"page":"46357-46365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Processing\nNatural Wood into a High-Performance Flexible\nPressure Sensor"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Forestry , , Xiangshan Road , Haidian District, ,","place":["Beijing, P. R.\nChina, 100091"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Forestry , , Xiangshan Road , Haidian District, ,","place":["Beijing, P. R.\nChina, 100091"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Forestry , , Xiangshan Road , Haidian District, ,","place":["Beijing, P. R.\nChina, 100091"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7460-0004","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Forestry , , Xiangshan Road , Haidian District, ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100091"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Forestry , , Xiangshan Road , Haidian District, ,","place":["Beijing, P. R.\nChina, 100091"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201808509","article-title":"Emerging Technologies of Flexible\nPressure Sensors: Materials, Modeling, Devices, and Manufacturing","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3625","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201401207","article-title":"Microstructured\nGraphene Arrays for Highly Sensitive Flexible Tactile Sensors","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201305182","article-title":"Highly\nStretchable Resistive Pressure Sensors Using a Conductive Elastomeric\nComposite on a Micropyramid Array","volume":"26","author":"Choong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4689","DOI":"10.1021\/nn500441k","article-title":"Giant Tunneling\nPiezoresistance of\nComposite Elastomers with Interlocked Microdome Arrays for Ultrasensitive\nand Multimodal Electronic Skins","volume":"8","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5300","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201600408","article-title":"Linearly and Highly Pressure-Sensitive\nElectronic Skin Based on a Bioinspired Hierarchical Structural Array","volume":"28","author":"Bae","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427-018-0031-8","article-title":"Tailoring\nForce Sensitivity and Selectivity by Microstructure Engineering of\nMultidirectional Electronic Skins","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPG Asia\nMater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4002","article-title":"An Ultra-Sensitive Resistive Pressure\nSensor Based on Hollow-Sphere\nMicrostructure Induced Elasticity in Conducting Polymer Film","volume":"5","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3380","article-title":"A Flexible\nand Highly Sensitive Strain-Gauge\nSensor Using Reversible Interlocking of Nanofibres","volume":"11","author":"Pang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201804132","article-title":"A Highly Sensitive\nForce Sensor with Fast Response Based on Interlocked\nArrays of Indium Tin Oxide Nanosprings toward Human Tactile Perception","volume":"28","author":"Chun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201403036","article-title":"Mimosa-Inspired\nDesign of a Flexible Pressure Sensor with Touch Sensitivity","volume":"11","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304248","article-title":"Silk-Molded Flexible,\nUltrasensitive, and Highly Stable Electronic Skin for Monitoring Human\nPhysiological Signals","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9594","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TC01723H","article-title":"Cu\u2013Ag\nCore\u2013Shell Nanowires for Electronic Skin with a Petal Molded\nMicrostructure","volume":"3","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201606066","article-title":"Flexible and Highly Sensitive Pressure\nSensors Based on Bionic Hierarchical Structures","volume":"27","author":"Jian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201800819","article-title":"Multiscale\nHierarchical Design of a Flexible Piezoresistive\nPressure Sensor with High Sensitivity and Wide Linearity Range","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6764","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00278E","article-title":"New Insights and Perspectives\ninto Biological Materials for Flexible Electronics","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201804510","article-title":"Plant-Based\nModular Building Blocks for \u201cGreen\u201d Electronic Skins","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2017.04.015","article-title":"High-Performance,\nFlexible Electronic\nSkin Sensor Incorporating Natural Microcapsule Actuators","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201605657","article-title":"Carbonized Silk Nanofiber\nMembrane for Transparent and Sensitive Electronic Skin","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2017.12.028","article-title":"Scalable and\nSustainable Approach\ntoward Highly Compressible, Anisotropic, Lamellar Carbon Sponge","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201801657","article-title":"Natural\nPlant Materials as Dielectric Layer for Highly\nSensitive Flexible Electronic Skin","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201805084","article-title":"A Biodegradable and Stretchable Protein-Based\nSensor as Artificial Electronic Skin for Human Motion Detection","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EE03716J","article-title":"All-Wood,\nLow Tortuosity, Aqueous, Biodegradable Supercapacitors with Ultra-High\nCapacitance","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE01468J","article-title":"Flexible Lithium\u2013CO2 Battery with Ultrahigh Capacity and Stable Cycling","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.6b00145","article-title":"Optically Transparent\nWood from a Nanoporous Cellulosic Template: Combining Functional and\nStructural Performance","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau9101","article-title":"A Radiative Cooling\nStructural Material","volume":"364","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10365","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b05763","article-title":"Highly Compressible Wood Sponges\nwith a Spring-Like Lamellar Structure as Effective and Reusable Oil\nAbsorbents","volume":"12","author":"Guan","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4275","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b01350","article-title":"Mesoporous, Three-Dimensional Wood Membrane Decorated with Nanoparticles\nfor Highly Efficient Water Treatment","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201901079","article-title":"Breathable Nanowood Biofilms as Guiding\nLayer for Green On-Skin Electronics","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b09817","article-title":"Wood-Based Flexible Electronics","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14313","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b00728","article-title":"Highly Stretchable,\nTransparent, and Conductive Wood Fabricated by in Situ Photopolymerization\nwith Polymerizable Deep Eutectic Solvents","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS\nAppl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201801520","article-title":"Wood Derived Composites\nfor High Sensitivity and Wide Linear-Range Pressure Sensing","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13166-6","article-title":"Flexible and Durable\nWood-Based Triboelectric\nNanogenerators for Self-Powered Sensing in Athletic Big Data Analytics","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-020-0195-z","article-title":"Structure\u2013Property\u2013Function\nRelationships of Natural\nand Engineered Wood","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5575","DOI":"10.1039\/b411986j","article-title":"On the\nRole of Interface Polymers\nfor the Mechanics of Natural Polymeric Composites","volume":"6","author":"Fratzl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1021\/bm040068x","article-title":"Pore and Matrix\nDistribution in the Fiber Wall Revealed\nby Atomic Force Microscopy and Image Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Fahle\u0301n","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6692","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201303041","article-title":"A Flexible and Highly Pressure-Sensitive Graphene\u2013Polyurethane\nSponge Based on Fractured Microstructure Design","volume":"25","author":"Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5061","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201503674","article-title":"Enhancing\nthe Sensitivity\nof Percolative Graphene Films for Flexible and Transparent Pressure\nSensor Arrays","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201504560","article-title":"Flexible Piezoresistive\nSensor Patch Enabling Ultralow Power Cuffless Blood Pressure Measurement","volume":"26","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201804559","article-title":"Multilevel Microstructured\nFlexible Pressure Sensors with Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Ultrawide\nPressure Range for Versatile Electronic Skins","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201703700","article-title":"Large-Area All-Textile\nPressure Sensors for Monitoring Human Motion and Physiological Signals","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201800252","article-title":"Bioinspired Microstructured Pressure Sensor Based on\na Janus Graphene Film for Monitoring Vital Signs and Cardiovascular\nAssessment","volume":"4","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4132","article-title":"A Wearable and Highly Sensitive Pressure\nSensor with Ultrathin Gold Nanowires","volume":"5","author":"Gong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081714071391200_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1645","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01171.2007","article-title":"Exercise Reduces Arterial Pressure\nAugmentation through Vasodilation of Muscular Arteries in Humans","volume":"294","author":"Munir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.0c12561","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/12\/41\/46357\/9290276\/am0c12561.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/12\/41\/46357\/9290276\/am0c12561.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:40:32Z","timestamp":1786992032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/12\/41\/46357\/869398\/Processing-Natural-Wood-into-a-High-Performance"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.0c12561","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]}}}