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Conventional treatment relies on implanting orthopedic materials to fill bone defects after surgery, but it has no ability of destroying residual tumor cells and preventing bacterial invasion. To tackle this challenge, here, we develop a novel multifunctional implant (SP@MX\/GelMA) that mainly consists of MXene nanosheets, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels, and bioinert sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SP) with the purpose of facilitating tumor cell death, combating pathogenic bacteria, and promoting osteogenicity. Because of the synergistic photothermal effects of MXene and polydopamine (pDA), osteosarcoma cells are effectively killed on the multifunctional coatings under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation through thermal ablation. After loading tobramycin (TOB), the SP@MX-TOB\/GelMA implants display robust antibacterial properties against Gram-negative\/Gram-positive bacteria. More importantly, the multifunctional implants are demonstrated to have superior cytocompatibility and osteogenesis-promoting capability in terms of cell replication, spreading, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium matrix mineralization, and in vivo osseointegration. Accordingly, such photothermally controlled multifunctional implants not only defeat osteosarcoma cells and bacteria but also intensify osteogenicity, which hold a greatly promising countermeasure for curing postoperative tissue lesion from an osteosarcoma excision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c14752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T08:31:07Z","timestamp":1601713867000},"page":"45891-45903","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"title":["MXene-Based\nHydrogels Endow Polyetheretherketone with\nEffective Osteogenicity and Combined Treatment of Osteosarcoma and\nBacterial Infection"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junchuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqi","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610041"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610041"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1765-5244","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610065"]},{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610065"]},{"name":"The University of Hong Kong , , , ,","place":["Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3838","article-title":"Translational Biology\nof Osteosarcoma","volume":"14","author":"Kansara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14453","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b03711","article-title":"Near-Infrared Light Responsive Folate\nTargeted Gold Nanorods for Combined Photothermal-Chemotherapy of Osteosarcoma","volume":"9","author":"Li\nVolsi","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201504142","article-title":"A Bifunctional Biomaterial with Photothermal Effect for Tumor Therapy\nand Bone Regeneration","volume":"26","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.cd-16-0241","article-title":"Cellular Senescence Promotes Adverse\nEffects of Chemotherapy and Cancer Relapse","volume":"7","author":"Demaria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discovery"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.07.048","article-title":"A Review of the Clinical Implications\nof Anti-Infective Biomaterials and Infection-Resistant Surfaces","volume":"34","author":"Campoccia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.01.016","article-title":"Multifunctional\nCoatings to Simultaneously Promote Osseointegration and Prevent Infection\nof Orthopaedic Implants","volume":"84","author":"Raphel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10437","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10437","article-title":"Temperature-Feedback\nUpconversion Nanocomposite for Accurate Photothermal Therapy at Facile\nTemperature","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1039\/c7cs00522a","article-title":"Organic Molecule-Based\nPhotothermal Agents: An Expanding\nPhotothermal Therapy Universe","volume":"47","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27269","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b04278","article-title":"Nanoscale Hybrid Coating\nEnables Multifunctional Tissue Scaffold for Potential Multimodal Therapeutic\nApplications","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs35342c","article-title":"Nano-Graphene\nin Biomedicine:\nTheranostic Applications","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41098","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b14784","article-title":"Reduced Graphene-Oxide-Embedded Polymeric\nNanofiber Mats: An \u201cOn-Demand\u201d Photothermally Triggered\nAntibiotic Release Platform","volume":"10","author":"Altinbasak","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater.\nInterfaces"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701841","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201701841","article-title":"Integration of IR-808\nSensitized Upconversion Nanostructure and MoS2 Nanosheet\nfor 808 nm NIR Light Triggered Phototherapy and Bioimaging","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600540","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201600540","article-title":"Synthesis\nand Optimization\nof MoS2@Fe3O4-ICG\/Pt\u00ad(IV) Nanoflowers\nfor MR\/IR\/PA Bioimaging and Combined PTT\/PDT\/Chemotherapy Triggered\nby 808 nm Laser","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201504202","article-title":"Atomically Thin MoS2: A Versatile Nongraphene 2D Material","volume":"26","author":"Venkata\nSubbaiah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705611","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201705611","article-title":"2D-Black-Phosphorus-Reinforced\n3D-Printed Scaffolds: A Stepwise Countermeasure\nfor Osteosarcoma","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1039\/c7mh00305f","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Theranostic\nNanomedicine","volume":"4","author":"Qian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b04339","article-title":"Two-Dimensional\nUltrathin MXene Ceramic Nanosheets for Photothermal Conversion","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b08415","article-title":"MXene Ti3C2: An Effective 2D Light-to-Heat\nConversion Material","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900569","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201900569","article-title":"Application of Ti3C2 MXene Quantum Dots for Immunomodulation and\nRegenerative\nMedicine","volume":"8","author":"Rafieerad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701394","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201701394","article-title":"2D Ultrathin MXene-Based Drug-Delivery Nanoplatform for Synergistic\nPhotothermal Ablation and Chemotherapy of Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b00181","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity\nof Ti3C2Tx MXene","volume":"10","author":"Rasool","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.11.050","article-title":"Bone Regeneration\nUsing Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel With Bone Morphogenic Protein-2\nand Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2010.02.003","article-title":"Novel Biodegradable\nChitosan\u2013Gelatin\/Nano-Bioactive\nGlass Ceramic Composite Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering","volume":"158","author":"Peter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21639","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b04114","article-title":"Chondroitin Sulfate-Based\nBiomineralizing Surface Hydrogels\nfor Bone Tissue Engineering","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater.\nInterfaces"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.01.004","article-title":"Localization and Promotion\nof Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Bioactivity on Extracellular\nMatrix Mimetic Chondroitin Sulfate-Functionalized Calcium Phosphate\nCement Scaffolds","volume":"71","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.08.045","article-title":"Synthesis, Properties, and Biomedical\nApplications\nof Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Hydrogels","volume":"73","author":"Yue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27503","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b03030","article-title":"Facile Surface\nModification Method for Synergistically Enhancing the Biocompatibility\nand Bioactivity of Poly\u00ad(ether ether ketone) That Induced Osteodifferentiation","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705546","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201705546","article-title":"A Novel\nHydrogel Surface Grafted With Dual Functional Peptides for Sustaining\nLong-Term Self-Renewal of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and\nManipulating Their Osteoblastic Maturation","volume":"28","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.04.085","article-title":"Polyetheretherketone\/Nano-Fluorohydroxyapatite\nComposite With Antimicrobial Activity and Osseointegration Properties","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.09.009","article-title":"Porous\nPEEK Improves\nthe Bone-Implant Interface Compared to Plasma-Sprayed Titanium Coating\non PEEK","volume":"185","author":"Torstrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2017.08.003","article-title":"Additive Manufacturing of Biomaterials","volume":"93","author":"Bose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.10.035","article-title":"Bioinspired\nAnchoring AgNPs onto Micro-Nanoporous TiO2 Orthopedic Coatings:\nTrap-Killing of Bacteria, Surface-Regulated Osteoblast Functions and\nHost Responses","volume":"75","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02001-07","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity\nand Mechanism of Action of the\nSilver Ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli","volume":"74","author":"Jung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.08.006","article-title":"Antibacterial and Conductive Injectable\nHydrogels Based on Quaternized Chitosan-Graft-Polyaniline\/Oxidized\nDextran for Tissue Engineering","volume":"26","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2011.10.004","article-title":"Antibacterial\nand Cell-Adhesive Polypeptide\nand Poly\u00ad(ethylene glycol) Hydrogel as A Potential Scaffold for Wound\nHealing","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0019-y","article-title":"Implant Infections:\nAdhesion, Biofilm\nFormation and Immune Evasion","volume":"16","author":"Arciola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.03.015","article-title":"Immobilized Antibiotics\nto Prevent Orthopaedic Implant\nInfections","volume":"64","author":"Hickok","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Delivery Rev."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13400","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c01371","article-title":"Fibrin Glue\/Fibronectin\/Heparin-Based\nDelivery System of BMP2 Induces Osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1 Cells and\nBone Formation in Rat Calvarial Critical-Sized Defects","volume":"12","author":"Ao","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8625","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b01227","article-title":"Electrophoretic Deposition\nof Bioadaptive Drug Delivery Coatings on Magnesium Alloy for Bone\nRepair","volume":"11","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. 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Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.10.015","article-title":"Untangling the Response of Bone Tumor\nCells and Bone Forming Cells to Matrix Stiffness and Adhesion Ligand\nDensity by Means of Hydrogels","volume":"188","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.0c00290","article-title":"Graphene Oxide and\nAdiponectin-Functionalized Sulfonated\nPoly\u00ad(etheretherketone) with Effective Osteogenicity and Remotely Repeatable\nPhotodisinfection","volume":"32","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2015.05.035","article-title":"Immobilization of Poly\u00ad(MPC)\nBrushes\nonto Titanium Surface by Combining Dopamine Self-Polymerization and\nATRP: Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Hemocompatibility\nin Vitro","volume":"349","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8029","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201403709","article-title":"UV-triggered\nDopamine Polymerization: Control of Polymerization, Surface Coating,\nand Photopatterning","volume":"26","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4244","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cs15026j","article-title":"Bioinspired Catecholic Chemistry\nfor Surface Modification","volume":"40","author":"Ye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9494","DOI":"10.1039\/c4nr00708e","article-title":"Nanoparticles for Photothermal\nTherapies","volume":"6","author":"Jaque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026081714132554800_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.06.004","article-title":"In Vitro Studies on\nCytotoxicity of Delaminated Ti3C2 MXene","volume":"339","author":"Jastrzebska","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard. 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