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Such ON\u2013OFF\u2013ON system allows mimicking similar processes occurring at (bio)-interfaces and to study the related sorption and desorption kinetics. The distinct surface properties of each nanomaterial play a critical role in the loading\/release capacity of the peptide, greatly influencing the release profiles. Sorption obeys a second-order kinetic model using the two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials in connection with micromotors, indicating a strong influence of chemisorption process for BP micromotors. Yet, release kinetics are faster for GDYO and GO nanomaterials, indicating a contribution of \u03c0 and hydrophobic interactions in the probe sorption (Cholera Toxin B affinity peptide) and target probe release (in the presence of Cholera Toxin B). Micromotor movement also plays a critical role in such processes, allowing for efficient operation in low raw sample volumes, where the high protein content can diminish probe loading\/release, affecting the overall performance. The loading\/release capacity and feasibility of the (bio)-sensing protocol are illustrated in Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria cultures as realistic domains. The new concept described here holds considerable promise to understand the interaction of micromotor with biological counterparts in a myriad of biomedical and other practical applications, including the design of novel micromotor-based sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c15389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T09:53:09Z","timestamp":1601891589000},"page":"46588-46597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Janus\nMicromotors Coated with 2D\nNanomaterials as Dynamic Interfaces\nfor (Bio)-Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kaisong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alcala , , , ,","place":["Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Spain, E-28871"]},{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510632"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A\u0301ngel","family":"Lo\u0301pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alcala , , , ,","place":["Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Spain, E-28871"]},{"name":"University of Alcala , , , ,","place":["Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Spain, E-28871"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6584-1949","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Jurado-Sa\u0301nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alcala , , , ,","place":["Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Spain, E-28871"]},{"name":"University of Alcala , , , ,","place":["Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Spain, E-28871"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7302-0948","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alberto","family":"Escarpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alcala , , , ,","place":["Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Spain, E-28871"]},{"name":"University of Alcala , , , ,","place":["Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Spain, E-28871"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081714130651900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5832","DOI":"10.1039\/c002073g","article-title":"Hybrid Nanomaterials\nfor Biomedical Applications","volume":"46","author":"Taylor-Pashow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. 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