{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T14:03:10Z","timestamp":1785074590963,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["185629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["185629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004381","name":"Western University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NFRFE-2019-00743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFRFE-2019-00743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) nanosheets, known for their distinctive structural and physicochemical characteristics, have become valuable tools in various biomedical fields, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Here, we have developed a facile approach to synthesize surface-modified TMD nanosheets that exhibit several smart properties, such as near-infrared (NIR) light-responsiveness, ultrasound-responsiveness, and bactericidal behavior. The surface modification was performed using a redox reaction, which decorated liquid-exfoliated, 2D, ultrathin nanosheets of tungsten disulfide (WS2) with silver nanospheres. TEM and AFM images, along with analytical techniques such as XPS, FTIR, powder-XRD, UV\u2013vis, and Confocal Raman spectroscopy, confirmed the binding of silver to the nanosheets, resulting in heterostructured nanohybrids (nWS2). Additional structural information about this surface-engineered material was obtained using synchrotron radiation-based instrumentation techniques, including X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS). Moreover, we demonstrate that nWS2 nanohybrids are capable of inhibiting biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a widely prevalent causative agent of healthcare-associated bacterial infections. The nanohybrids can also convert incident near-infrared (NIR) light to thermal energy and exhibit enhanced bactericidal potential. 1 mg\/mL of nWS2 was able to increase suspension temperatures by 30 \u00b0C. A colony forming unit assay with NIR-exposed nWS2 showed antibiotic-free prevention of MRSA growth. Next, we develop a nWS2-integrated polymeric hydrogel system capable of 3D-biopriting hydrogel structures with user-defined geometry for tissue engineering applications. Finally, we evaluate the in vitro cytocompatibility and in vivo biocompatibility of this nanocomposite hydrogel platform by subcutaneously implanting it in immunocompetent mice. Histological staining revealed excellent host-tissue integration, vasculogenesis, and a minimal immune response around the implant\u2019s periphery. Taken together, we envision surface-engineered WS2 nanosheets, alone or in combination with hydrogels, as a high-performance multifunctional biomaterial for implications in biomedicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c06846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T13:59:32Z","timestamp":1752069572000},"page":"41649-41665","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Surface-Engineered\nWS2 Nanohybrids for\nImplications in Biomedicine"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Aishik","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]},{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4698-049X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yasmeen","family":"Shamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8037-4480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alap Ali","family":"Zahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Roman","family":"Grynyshyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Bainbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1962-0838","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lorena","family":"Veliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9882-9367","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Franc\u0327ois","family":"Lagugne\u0301-Labarthet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2439-0739","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lijia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4788-0378","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arghya","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]},{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]},{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]},{"name":"The University of Western Ontario , , , ,","place":["London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530396","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00236","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Synthesis,\nBiomedical Applications and Biosafety Evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202310999","article-title":"Biocompatible 2D Materials\nvia Liquid Phase Exfoliation","volume":"36","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/24\/26\/265703","article-title":"Measuring the lateral\nsize of liquid-exfoliated nanosheets with dynamic light scattering","volume":"24","author":"Lotya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202310999","article-title":"Biocompatible 2D Materials\nvia Liquid Phase Exfoliation","volume":"36","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"1979","key":"2026072521094389100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226419","article-title":"Liquid exfoliation of layered\nmaterials","volume":"340","author":"Nicolosi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-021-07246-x","article-title":"Liquid phase\nexfoliated WS2 nanosheet-based gas sensor for room temperature NO2\ndetection","volume":"33","author":"Simon Patrick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials\nin Electronics"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10324","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c03807","article-title":"Sustainable Nanosheet\nAntioxidants for Sepsis Therapy via Scavenging Intracellular Reactive\nOxygen and Nitrogen Species","volume":"14","author":"Yim","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201900341","article-title":"WS2 Nanosheets\nwith Highly-Enhanced Electrochemical Activity by Facile Control of\nSulfur Vacancies","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ChemCatChem."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5576","article-title":"Edge and\nconfinement effects allow in situ measurement\nof size and thickness of liquid-exfoliated nanosheets","volume":"5","author":"Backes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Communications 2014 5:1"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5104","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.9b01008","article-title":"Edge-Site\nNanoengineering of WS2 by Low-Temperature Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer\nDeposition for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution","volume":"31","author":"Balasubramanyam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10448","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b04250","article-title":"Electrocatalysis on Edge-Rich Spiral\nWS2 for Hydrogen Evolution","volume":"13","author":"Sarma","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hybadv.2024.100184","article-title":"Silver nanoparticle\nfor biomedical applications: A review","volume":"6","author":"Meher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hybrid\nAdvances"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104165","article-title":"Effective\ntreatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection with silver nanoparticles\nand silver ions","volume":"80","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00564","article-title":"Nanoparticle-Reinforced Tough Hydrogel\nas a Versatile Platform for\nPharmaceutical Drug Delivery: Preparation and in Vitro Characterization","volume":"20","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6337","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM00605C","article-title":"Exploiting the role of nanoparticles\nfor use in hydrogel-based bioprinting applications: concept, design,\nand recent advances","volume":"9","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomater Sci."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/54806","article-title":"Preparation of liquid-exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenide\nnanosheets with controlled size and thickness: A state of the art\nprotocol","volume":"2016","author":"Backes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Visualized Exp."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.7356","article-title":"X-Ray Photoelectron\nSpectroscopy Analysis of Indium and Indium-Containing Compounds","volume":"57","author":"Henderson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surf. Interface Anal."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravel, B.; Newville, M. (2005). ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy\nusing IFEFFIT. urn:issn:0909-0495 12, 537\u2013541.10.1107\/S0909049505012719.","DOI":"10.1107\/S0909049505012719"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.07.001","article-title":"Visual detection of\nblood glucose based on peroxidase-like activity of WS2 nanosheets","volume":"62","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08724-x","article-title":"Stress-induced inactivation\nof the Staphylococcus\naureus purine biosynthesis repressor leads to hypervirulence","volume":"10","author":"Goncheva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications 2019 10:1"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5071","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.1c00318","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity of Porous\nGold Nanocomposites via NIR Light-Triggered\nPhotothermal and Photodynamic Effects","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl.\nBio Mater."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-024-00641-x","article-title":"Ascorbyl palmitate nanofiber-reinforced hydrogels for drug delivery\nin soft tissues","volume":"5","author":"Shamiya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Communications Materials 2024\n5:1"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.07.014","article-title":"Incomplete\nthermal ablation of hepatocellular\ncarcinoma: Effects on tumor proliferation","volume":"181","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal\nof Surgical Research"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9120923","article-title":"Metal Organic Framework-Incorporated Three-Dimensional (3D) Bio-Printable\nHydrogels to Facilitate Bone Repair: Preparation and In Vitro Bioactivity\nAnalysis","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24955","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b05200","article-title":"Fabrication of a Double-Cross-Linked\nInterpenetrating Polymeric Network (IPN) Hydrogel Surface Modified\nwith Polydopamine to Modulate the Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived\nStem Cells","volume":"10","author":"Pacelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5095","article-title":"Injectable\nbioadhesive hydrogels with innate antibacterial properties","volume":"5","author":"Giano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Communications 2014 5:1"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37253","article-title":"Investigation of human adipose-derived stem-cell\nbehavior using a cell-instructive polydopamine-coated gelatin\u2013alginate\nhydrogel","volume":"109","author":"Pacelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.3390\/app10072296","article-title":"A Force Measurement Method Based\non Flexible PDMS Grating","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13785","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202005730","article-title":"Site-Selective Oxidation\nof Monolayered Liquid-Exfoliated\nWS2 by Shielding the Basal Plane through Adsorption of a Facial Amphiphile","volume":"59","author":"Grieger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10976","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c03916","article-title":"Mechanisms of Liquid-Phase Exfoliation for\nthe Production of Graphene","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.6b00643","article-title":"Solution-Based Processing\nof Monodisperse Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials","volume":"50","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201802953","article-title":"A New\nFacile Route to Flexible and Semi-Transparent\nElectrodes Based on Water Exfoliated Graphene and their Single-Electrode\nTriboelectric Nanogenerator","volume":"30","author":"Shin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR05514J","article-title":"Dispersant-assisted\nliquid-phase exfoliation of 2D materials beyond graphene","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2022.126997","article-title":"Sodium borohydride mediated synthesis\nof nano-sized silver particles: Their characterization, anti-microbial\nand cytotoxicity studies","volume":"294","author":"Khatoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2016.1241792","article-title":"A review on green\nsynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their applications","volume":"45","author":"Rafique","year":"2017","journal-title":"Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14646","article-title":"Optical Limiting and Theoretical\nModelling of Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets","volume":"5","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Reports 2015 5:1"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20350","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.0c04664","article-title":"Photoinduced\nEnhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Hybrid Au@WS2Nanosheets","volume":"124","author":"Abid","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6342","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-019-00936-7","article-title":"Photoelectrochemical\napplication\nof WS2 nanosheets prepared via a low-temperature CVD method","volume":"30","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.6585","article-title":"Enhancement\nof the E12g and A1g Raman modes and layer identification of 2H-WS2\nnanosheets with metal coatings","volume":"54","author":"Rajeswaran","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Raman Spectrosc."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsamd.2019.04.003","article-title":"Pseudo-capacitance of silver oxide\nthin film electrodes\nin ionic liquid for electrochemical energy applications","volume":"4","author":"Oje","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915337","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.915337","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticle Films Obtained\nby Convective Self-Assembly\nfor Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Analyses of the Pesticides\nThiabendazole and Endosulfan","volume":"10","author":"Brezestean","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Chem."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202406","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4875582","article-title":"Edge-states\nferromagnetism of WS2 nanosheets","volume":"104","author":"Huo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys.\nLett."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18841","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b04770","article-title":"Hierarchical\nNanocomposite\nof Hollow N-Doped Carbon Spheres Decorated with Ultrathin WS2 Nanosheets\nfor High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anode","volume":"8","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.3390\/nano5021124","article-title":"A Sustainable\nApproach to Fabricating Ag Nanoparticles\/PVA Hybrid Nanofiber and\nIts Catalytic Activity","volume":"5","author":"Meng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6735426","article-title":"Synthesis\nand Catalytic and Biological Activities of\nSilver and Copper Nanoparticles Using Cassia occidentalis","volume":"2018","author":"Gondwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomater"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11326","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-017-1303-3","article-title":"Excitation-dependent\nphotoluminescence from WS2 nanostructures synthesized via top-down\napproach","volume":"52","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20064","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-018-0137-3","article-title":"Temperature\ndependent photoluminescence from WS2 nanostructures","volume":"29","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-015-0449-z","article-title":"Characterization of silver nanoparticles\nby green synthesis method using Pedalium murex leaf extract and their\nantibacterial activity","volume":"6","author":"Anandalakshmi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Applied Nanoscience\n(Switzerland)"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9111557","article-title":"Fabrication of Interconnected Plasmonic\nSpherical Silver Nanoparticles with Enhanced Localized Surface Plasmon\nResonance (LSPR) Peaks Using Quince Leaf Extract Solution","volume":"9","author":"Aziz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-04917-1","article-title":"Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles\nusing rhizome extract of Dysosma pleiantha and its antiproliferative\neffect against breast and human gastric cancer cells","volume":"46","author":"Karuppaiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6530","DOI":"10.1021\/am301397e","article-title":"Glucose aided preparation of tungsten\nsulfide\/multi-wall\ncarbon nanotube hybrid and use as counter electrode in dye-sensitized\nsolar cells","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0012007JES","article-title":"WS 2 \/Graphene\nComposite as Cathode for Rechargeable\nAluminum-Dual Ion Battery","volume":"167","author":"Latha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-021-05599-x","article-title":"A novel,\nfacile, and efficient two-step\nhydrothermal route for WS2 nanosheets and its optimiztic exposure\nas competent industrial-level sonocatalyst","volume":"32","author":"Santhosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elspec.2006.03.008","article-title":"Electron\nspectroscopic analysis of silver nanoparticles\nin a soda-glass matrix","volume":"152","author":"Bera","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Electron Spectrosc.\nRelat. Phenom."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/987671","article-title":"Thermal effect on structure of silver\nin ion-exchanged\nsoda-lime glasses and aluminum-doped zinc oxide films","volume":"2011","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Advances in Materials Science and Engineering"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27422","article-title":"Impermeable\nflexible liquid barrier film for encapsulation of DSSC metal electrodes","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports 2016 6:1"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-021-00971-y","article-title":"Metastable\n1T\u2032-phase group VIB transition metal dichalcogenide crystals","volume":"20","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Materials 2021 20:8"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7256","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-017-0962-4","article-title":"An effective liquid-phase\nexfoliation approach to fabricate\ntungsten disulfide into ultrathin two-dimensional semiconducting nanosheets","volume":"52","author":"Jha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2017.05.027","article-title":"Novel WS2\/WO3 heterostructured\nnanosheets as efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction","volume":"197","author":"Shang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2908","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA09621J","article-title":"Electrochromic\nWO 3 thin films attain unprecedented\ndurability by potentiostatic pretreatment","volume":"7","author":"Arvizu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\nMater. Chem. A Mater."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elspec.2006.11.032","article-title":"XPS spectra and electronic structure of Group IA sulfates","volume":"156\u2013158","author":"Wahlqvist","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11249-021-01428-8","article-title":"Low Friction\nMechanism Survey of Tungsten Disulfide by Using XRD, XPS, and XAFS","volume":"69","author":"Takahashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tribol Lett."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-019-4656-5","article-title":"Oxidative\ndissolution of silver nanoparticles by synthetic manganese dioxide\ninvestigated by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy","volume":"21","author":"Manning","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13657","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TC02700G","article-title":"Molybdenum disulfide\nnanostructures\ncoupled with metal plasmonics for improved electronic and photonic\nperformances","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C Mater."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12208","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00234","article-title":"Multicomponent Plasmonic Nanoparticles:\nFrom Heterostructured\nNanoparticles to Colloidal Composite Nanostructures","volume":"119","author":"Ha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12208","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00159","article-title":"Multicomponent Plasmonic Nanoparticles: From Heterostructured\nNanoparticles to Colloidal Composite Nanostructures","volume":"119","author":"Ha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NH00158D","article-title":"2D transition metal\ndichalcogenide nanosheets for photo\/thermo-based tumor imaging and\ntherapy","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale Horiz"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2023.103024","article-title":"Trends and\nprospects of 2-D tungsten\ndisulphide (WS2) hybrid nanosystems for environmental and biomedical\napplications","volume":"322","author":"Uthappa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473157","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00218","article-title":"Antibody-Functionalized\nMoS2 Nanosheets for Targeted Photothermal Therapy of Staphylococcus\naureus Focal Infection","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2016.10.007","article-title":"Measurements\nof\nnanoparticle-enhanced heating from 1 MHz ultrasound in solution and\nin mice bearing CT26 colon tumors","volume":"62","author":"Beik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Therm\nBiol."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17042","article-title":"Antibacterial drug discovery in the resistance era","volume":"529","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature 2016 529:7586"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13010076","article-title":"Biofilm Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)\nInfections in Humans: Clinical Implications and Management","volume":"13","author":"Kaushik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2017.11.019","article-title":"Antimicrobial silver\nnanomaterials","volume":"357","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2004.02.012","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles\nas antimicrobial agent: a case\nstudy on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"275","author":"Sondi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1550-8_9","article-title":"Quantification\nof Staphylococcus\naureus Biofilm Formation by Crystal Violet and Confocal Microscopy","volume":"2341","author":"Grossman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0278-5","article-title":"Genetics of diabetes mellitus and\ndiabetes complications","volume":"16","author":"Cole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Nephrology\n2020 16:7"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60484-9","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration,\nand risk of vascular disease: A collaborative meta-analysis of 102\nprospective studies","volume":"375","author":"Sarwar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.07.001","article-title":"Visual detection of\nblood glucose based on peroxidase-like activity of WS2 nanosheets","volume":"62","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/10_2011_111","article-title":"Evaluation of biocompatibility using\nin vitro methods:\ninterpretation and limitations","volume":"126","author":"Bruinink","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Biochem\nEng. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.01.009","article-title":"One-pot bottom-up fabrication of biocompatible PEGylated WS2 nanoparticles\nfor CT-guided photothermal therapy of tumors in vivo","volume":"511","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c01509","article-title":"Digital Light\nProcessing Bioprinting Advances for Microtissue Models","volume":"8","author":"Goodarzi Hosseinabadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2018.10.010","article-title":"Porous and responsive hydrogels for\ncell therapy","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface\nSci."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202000195","article-title":"Swellable Gelatin Methacryloyl Microneedles\nfor Extraction of Interstitial Skin Fluid toward Minimally Invasive\nMonitoring of Urea","volume":"20","author":"Fonseca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engreg.2021.03.002","article-title":"Biomedical\napplications of gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels","volume":"2","author":"Piao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Engineered Regeneration"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5113735","article-title":"Impacts of low concentration surfactant on red blood cell dielectrophoretic\nresponses","volume":"13","author":"Habibi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201605176","article-title":"Enzymatic Biodegradability\nof Pristine and Functionalized Transition Metal Dichalcogenide MoS2\nNanosheets","volume":"27","author":"Kurapati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct Mater."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2023.01.021","article-title":"Triple-functional\nbone adhesive with enhanced internal fixation, bacteriostasis and\nosteoinductive properties for open fracture repair","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioact Mater."},{"key":"2026072521094389100_cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202101238","article-title":"Light-Triggered In Situ Gelation of Hydrogels\nusing 2D Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Nanoassemblies as Crosslink Epicenter","volume":"33","author":"Pang Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp;\nInterfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.5c06846","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/17\/29\/41649\/66267191\/acsami.5c06846.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/17\/29\/41649\/66267191\/acsami.5c06846.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T13:42:41Z","timestamp":1785073361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/17\/29\/41649\/3638525\/Surface-Engineered-WS2-Nanohybrids-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"29","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.5c06846","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]}}}