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Osteochondral defects present significant clinical challenges. Bredigite (BRT, Ca7MgSi4O16) bioceramic scaffolds exhibit excellent physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, and osteoconductivity, making them promising candidates for osteochondral repair and regeneration. Herein, a BRT bioceramic was fabricated into structurally ordered scaffolds (BRT-O) and random morphology scaffolds (BRT-R) by using 3D printing techniques, while the tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds that are used in the clinic were fabricated as controls. The physicochemical properties, effects on bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes in vitro, and performance in cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration were evaluated and compared among the three scaffolds. The results showed that the BRT-O scaffolds possessed the highest compressive strength, controllable biodegradability, and ability to regulate the local microenvironment by releasing bioactive ion products and altering the pH. In vitro, BRT-O scaffolds significantly enhanced the migration and osteogenic\/chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as well as the adhesion and maturation of chondrocytes. In vivo experiments revealed that the BRT-O scaffolds promoted the simultaneous and effective regeneration of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone in rabbit osteochondral defect models. In summary, the monophasic BRT-O scaffold demonstrated dual bioactivity, promoting both osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, and thus, it holds significant clinical potential for osteochondral defect repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c07388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T06:54:42Z","timestamp":1752562482000},"page":"41707-41718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Three-Dimensional-Printed\nOrdered Bredigite Scaffolds\nwith Dual Bioactivities Promote Osteochondral Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Luyang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaopeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200011"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanying","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200011"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0218-8877","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2026072521105581700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000255","article-title":"Classifications in Brief: Outerbridge Classification\nof Chondral Lesions","volume":"476","author":"Slattery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072521105581700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603517715736","article-title":"Osteochondritis Dissecans: Etiology,\nPathology, and Imaging with a Special Focus on the Knee Joint","volume":"9","author":"Bruns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072521105581700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00163-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis,\n1990\u20132020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for\nthe Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","author":"GBD 2021 Osteoarthritis Collaborators.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet\nRheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072521105581700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00328-6","article-title":"Skeletal interoception\nin osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072521105581700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2305603","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202305603","article-title":"Nature-Inspired Strategies for the Treatment\nof Osteoarthritis","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. 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Part A"},{"issue":"27","key":"2026072521105581700_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb20445f","article-title":"The ionic products\nfrom bredigite bioceramics induced cementogenic differentiation of\nperiodontal ligament cells via activation of the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin\nsignalling pathway","volume":"1","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of materials chemistry.\nB"},{"key":"2026072521105581700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.03.007","article-title":"Near-infrared light-controlled regulation of intracellular calcium\nto modulate macrophage polarization","volume":"178","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026072521105581700_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10034","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810034","article-title":"Extracellular\nCalcium Ion Concentration Regulates Chondrocyte Elastic\nModulus and Adhesion Behavior","volume":"22","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"International\njournal of molecular sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072521105581700_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21783-2","article-title":"Magnesium enhances\nthe chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting\nactivated macrophage-induced inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci.\nRep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072521105581700_cit33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of\nmagnesium on skeletal metabolism","volume":"9","author":"Wallach","year":"1990","journal-title":"Magnesium\nand trace elements"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072521105581700_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.6b00282","article-title":"Rational Design and\nFabrication of Porous Calcium-Magnesium Silicate Constructs That Enhance\nAngiogenesis and Improve Orbital Implantation","volume":"2","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS biomaterials science & engineering"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072521105581700_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.01.039","article-title":"Silicate bioceramics\nenhanced vascularization and osteogenesis through stimulating interactions\nbetween endothelia cells and bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026072521105581700_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S393080","article-title":"The 3D-Printed\nOrdered Bredigite Scaffold Promotes Pro-Healing of Critical-Sized\nBone Defects by Regulating Macrophage Polarization","volume":"18","author":"Xuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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J. Biol. 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