{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T20:48:33Z","timestamp":1793479713510,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"52","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11932002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11932002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c22408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:45:11Z","timestamp":1765885511000},"page":"71049-71060","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Gradient-Softening Strategy in Hydrogel Films to Optimize Balance between Interfacial Toughness and Structural Integrity"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hai-di","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Mechanics","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Beijing University of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1820-4840","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Mechanics","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Beijing University of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Jun","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Mechanics","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Beijing University of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Mechanics","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Beijing University of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Mechanics","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Beijing University of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1621-0497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qing-Sheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Mechanics","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Beijing University of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2020.116130"},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103174"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131972"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.3c00884"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2019.11.010"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151353"},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.110095"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.101764"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA01168F"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp6094"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adk5556"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108580"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47036-5"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-024-00299-y"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48903-z"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.159209"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.109612"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c02843"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c06662"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.109586"},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.144907"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201900111"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160309"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202002041"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.1c00799"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah4496"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1903890116"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.0c00160"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202201166"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b07361"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03269-x"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c07468"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2022.108662"},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51300-1"},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10465-w"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45079-4"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201901693"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b18594"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2022.105053"},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4056650"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2013.04.001"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2023.105516"},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2023.105304"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2011.08.001"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2023.102862"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2021.100823"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22382"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2006.01.002"},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2006.0135"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c003207g"},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2020.01.018"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.triboint.2023.108609"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amf.2024.200188"},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TA07447H"},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2017.04.013"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c03584"},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2023.110310"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c01088"},{"key":"ref59\/cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2016.12.011"},{"key":"ref60\/cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2020.103935"},{"key":"ref61\/cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijplas.2022.103307"},{"key":"ref62\/cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b10995"},{"key":"ref63\/cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euromechsol.2018.12.001"},{"key":"ref64\/cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37855\/jah.2010.v12i02.20"}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.5c22408","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.5c22408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:40:40Z","timestamp":1768567240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.5c22408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"52","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acsami.5c22408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.5c22408","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]}}}