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Conventionally, functional molecules are immobilized via impregnation into porous frameworks using physisorption or grafting on the pore surfaces using chemical bonds. However, these methods can lead to leakage during use and performance degradation owing to structural modifications for immobilization. Recently, cage-like porous frameworks have attracted attention as support materials, and a novel method (encapsulation), where the functional molecules are reliably confined into the pores, has been discovered. The narrow windows of cage-like porous frameworks physically confine functional molecules into their pores, thereby suppressing leakage without chemical bonds and preserving the intrinsic function of the molecules after immobilization. In this perspective, we comprehensively summarize various encapsulation methods and developments of functional solid materials based on encapsulation and outline their future prospects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c02300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T09:25:07Z","timestamp":1777973107000},"page":"27115-27127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Encapsulation and\nImmobilization of Functional Molecules\nUsing Cage-Like Porous Frameworks"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5273-9460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroi","family":"Sei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tohoku University , , 2-1-1 Katahira , Aoba-ku, , ,","place":["Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, 980-8577"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukako","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tohoku University , , 2-1-1 Katahira , Aoba-ku, , ,","place":["Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, 980-8577"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tohoku University , , 2-1-1 Katahira , Aoba-ku, , ,","place":["Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, 980-8577"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9399-0506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tohoku University , , 2-1-1 Katahira , Aoba-ku, , ,","place":["Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, 980-8577"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6806-2767","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kouki","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tohoku University , , 2-1-1 Katahira , Aoba-ku, , ,","place":["Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, 980-8577"]},{"name":"Kyoto University , , Yoshida-honmachi , Sakyo-ku, ,","place":["Kyoto, Japan, 606-8501"]},{"name":"Ibaraki University , , 4-12-1 Nakanarusawacho , , ,","place":["Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan, 316-0033"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"2026090711122284500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CC05625A","article-title":"Performance of homogeneous catalysts\nviewed in dynamics","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. 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