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Biological evaluations using human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) demonstrated efficient cellular uptake and high biocompatibility across all synthesized CDs. Notably, coffee-derived blue-emitting CDs (B-CDs) exhibited robust concentration-dependent antioxidant activity and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In addition, B-CDs were associated with enhanced astrocytic differentiation of hNPCs. To further evaluate the antioxidative effects of B-CDs under oxidative stress conditions, cells were exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative stress during differentiation. B-CDs alleviated oxidative stress-associated cellular damage and reduced the expression of inflammation-related markers. This antioxidative effect was accompanied by the downregulation of C3, a marker of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes. Further, B-CDs promoted early phosphorylation of STAT3 (Tyr705), a key driver of astrocytic differentiation, and induced sustained expression of a cytoprotective enzyme HO-1, linking intracellular ROS reduction to astrocyte-biased differentiation. This work demonstrates that food waste-derived CDs can function as bioactive nanomaterials capable of modulating neural progenitor cell differentiation and mitigating cellular stress. These findings highlight their potential for applications in neural interface materials, regenerative medicine, and redox-responsive biomaterial systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c05623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:10:31Z","timestamp":1787065831000},"page":"45971-45986","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spent Coffee Ground-Derived Carbon Dots as Redox-Modulating Biomaterials for Astrocytic Differentiation of Human Neural Progenitor Cells"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ji Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kongju National University , , Budaedong 275, Seobuk-gu , , ,","place":["Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea, 31080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Myung","family":"Doo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University College of Medicine , , 148 Gurodong-ro , , ,","place":["Guro-gu, South Korea, Seoul 08308"]},{"name":"Korea University Guro Hospital , , 148 Gurodong-ro , , ,","place":["Guro-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 08308"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyuna","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University , , 73 Goryeodae-ro , , ,","place":["Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 02841"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kongju National University , , Budaedong 275, Seobuk-gu , , ,","place":["Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea, 31080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5786-7030","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hongki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kongju National University , , 56 Gongjudaehak-ro , , ,","place":["Gongju-si, Chungnam, South Korea, 32588"]},{"name":"Hanyang University ERICA , , ,","place":["Ansan, South Korea, 15588"]},{"name":"Hanyang University ERICA , , ,","place":["Ansan, South Korea, 15588"]},{"name":"Hanyang University ERICA , , ,","place":["Ansan, South Korea, 15588"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3685-0184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sung Ho","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kongju National University , , Budaedong 275, Seobuk-gu , , ,","place":["Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea, 31080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University , , 73 Goryeodae-ro , , ,","place":["Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 02841"]},{"name":"Korea University Guro Hospital , , 148 Gurodong-ro , , ,","place":["Guro-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 08308"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3557-9564","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin-Heong","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kongju National University , , Budaedong 275, Seobuk-gu , , ,","place":["Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea, 31080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1621-1497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jong Seob","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kongju National University , , Budaedong 275, Seobuk-gu , , ,","place":["Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea, 31080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"40","key":"2026101216065949800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28230","DOI":"10.1039\/d3ra05840a","article-title":"Development of Biomass Waste-Based Carbon Quantum Dots and Their Potential Application as Non-Toxic Bioimaging Agents","volume":"13","author":"Abu","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026101216065949800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13845","DOI":"10.1039\/d2ra07180k","article-title":"Stability of Carbon Quantum Dots: A Critical Review","volume":"13","author":"Dua","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101216065949800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4920","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c01386","article-title":"Quantum Dots and Their Applications: What Lies Ahead?","volume":"3","author":"Cotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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