{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:58:00Z","timestamp":1792166280812,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24JCYBJC01560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24JCYBJC01560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25JCLZJC00460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JCLZJC00460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019539","name":"Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Tianjin Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24JCJQJC00290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24JCJQJC00290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019065","name":"Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24ZXZSSS00150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24ZXZSSS00150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52373143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52373143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52525310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52525310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010882","name":"Tianjin Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025ZXZD014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZXZD014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010882","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University","award":["63181206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["63181206"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y1kjr75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nankai University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y1kjr75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development","award":["SKLSIM-F-2025286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLSIM-F-2025286"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Target protein degradation (TPD) represents an innovative therapeutic strategy with promising prospects for treating diseases driven by many undruggable protein targets. Recently, a variety of small-molecule protein degraders have shown promising therapeutic efficacy. However, several intrinsic limitations of these compounds impede their broader clinical translation. Meanwhile, advances in nanomaterials provide a versatile and powerful platform to overcome these challenges for advancing protein degradation technology. This review systematically summarizes the progress and prospects of nanoparticle-based TPD strategies. First, we critically evaluate the limitations of existing small-molecule protein degraders. We then outline the fundamental design principles that govern nano-enabled protein degradation systems and discuss how nanotechnology can address key challenges associated with delivery, selectivity, and controllability. We further highlight the distinctive properties of major nanomaterial platforms and their therapeutic applications in targeted protein degradation. Finally, we discuss the remaining obstacles and future directions for translating nano-protein degraders into clinically viable therapies. In conclusion, this review aims to provide both theoretical insights and practical guidance to propel the rational design and advanced application of TPD research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c06291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:02:06Z","timestamp":1792004526000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rational Design and Advanced Application of Nanoparticles in Targeted Protein Degradation"],"prefix":"10.1021","author":[{"given":"Yechen","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Nankai University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Nankai University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Nankai University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Nankai University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Nankai University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2133-1146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Nankai University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Nankai University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Nankai University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5752-5180","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Nankai University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00572-w","article-title":"Small molecules in targeted cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"10229","key":"2026101611062858900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30164-1","article-title":"Small molecules, big impact: 20 years of targeted therapy in oncology","volume":"395","author":"Bedard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101611062858900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21992","article-title":"The new direction of drug development: Degradation of undruggable targets through targeting chimera technology","volume":"44","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026101611062858900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22665","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5c01632","article-title":"Rational Design of PROTAC Degraders and Their Spatiotemporal Controlled Delivery for Enhanced Tumor Penetration and PD-L1 Protein Degradation","volume":"68","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-025-3111-9","article-title":"Advances in controllable targeted protein degradation: emerging strategies and mechanisms","volume":"69","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115839","article-title":"Targeted protein degradation in drug development: Recent advances and future challenges","volume":"261","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00371-6","article-title":"PROTAC targeted protein degraders: the past is prologue","volume":"21","author":"Bekes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17040501","article-title":"PROTAC Delivery Strategies for Overcoming Physicochemical Properties and Physiological Barriers in Targeted Protein Degradation","volume":"17","author":"Syahputra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101611062858900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/NR.2025.94907983","article-title":"Targeted protein degradation technologies: Emerging mechanisms and nano-based innovations","volume":"18","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8554","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.141230798","article-title":"Protacs: chimeric molecules that target proteins to the Skp1-Cullin-F box complex for ubiquitination and degradation","volume":"98","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2545-9","article-title":"Lysosome-targeting chimaeras for degradation of extracellular proteins","volume":"584","author":"Banik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28520-4","article-title":"The AUTOTAC chemical biology platform for targeted protein degradation via the autophagy-lysosome system","volume":"13","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-23-0655","article-title":"Preclinical Evaluation of Bavdegalutamide (ARV-110), a Novel PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera Androgen Receptor Degrader","volume":"24","author":"Snyder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.70181","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of KT-474, a Novel Selective Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 (IRAK4) Degrader, in Healthy Adults","volume":"18","author":"Agarwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026101611062858900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10548","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c01823","article-title":"Discovery of KT-413, a Targeted Protein Degrader of IRAK4 and IMiD Substrates Targeting MYD88 Mutant Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"67","author":"Weiss","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.09.005","article-title":"Safety and clinical activity of BMS-986365 (CC-94676), a dual androgen receptor ligand-directed degrader and antagonist, in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"36","author":"Rathkopf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"2026101611062858900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"PD13","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.SABCS21-PD13-08","article-title":"First-in-human safety and activity of ARV-471, a novel PROTAC\u00ae estrogen receptor degrader, in ER+\/HER2-locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer","volume":"82","author":"Hamilton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-3465","article-title":"Oral Estrogen Receptor PROTAC Vepdegestrant (ARV-471) Is Highly Efficacious as Monotherapy and in Combination with CDK4\/6 or PI3K\/mTOR Pathway Inhibitors in Preclinical ER+ Breast Cancer Models","volume":"30","author":"Gough","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01674-6","article-title":"Breakthroughs in treatment for hematological malignancies: latest updates on molecular glue, PROTACs and RNA degraders from ASH 2024","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024027117","article-title":"Efficacy of a novel BCL-xL degrader, DT2216, in preclinical models of JAK2-mutated post-MPN AML","volume":"146","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-2583","article-title":"A Phase I Study of FHD-609, a Heterobifunctional Degrader of Bromodomain-Containing Protein 9, in Patients with Advanced Synovial Sarcoma or SMARCB1-Deficient Tumors","volume":"31","author":"Livingston","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"8_Supplement","key":"2026101611062858900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CT128","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2023-CT128","article-title":"Abstract CT128: Phase 1 study of HSK29116, a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) agent, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies","volume":"83","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"4_Supplement","key":"2026101611062858900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"PS18-09","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.SABCS20-PS18-09","article-title":"Abstract PS18-09: Novel chimeric small molecule AC682 potently degrades estrogen receptor with oral anti-tumor efficacy superior to fulvestrant","volume":"81","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101611062858900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c01007","article-title":"Discovery and Preclinical Pharmacology of NX-2127, an Orally Bioavailable Degrader of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase with Immunomodulatory Activity for the Treatment of Patients with B Cell Malignancies","volume":"67","author":"Robbins","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-194839","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of the Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Degrader NX-5948 in Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory (R\/R) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Updated Results from an Ongoing Phase 1a\/b Study","volume":"144","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"16_suppl","key":"2026101611062858900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5011","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.5011","article-title":"ARV-766, a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) androgen receptor (AR) degrader, in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Initial results of a phase 1\/2 study","volume":"42","author":"Petrylak","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-210301","article-title":"Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Activity of KT-333, a Targeted Protein Degrader of STAT3, in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Lymphomas, Leukemia, and Solid Tumors","volume":"144","author":"Feldman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101611062858900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3748","DOI":"10.1021\/ja039025z","article-title":"Chemical genetic control of protein levels: selective in vivo targeted degradation","volume":"126","author":"Schneekloth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1722-1","article-title":"Allele-selective lowering of mutant HTT protein by HTT-LC3 linker compounds","volume":"575","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101611062858900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.09.009","article-title":"AUTACs: Cargo-Specific Degraders Using Selective Autophagy","volume":"76","author":"Takahashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101611062858900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.03.036","article-title":"CD36-mediated endocytosis of proteolysis-targeting chimeras","volume":"188","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026101611062858900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16355","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01235","article-title":"Between Theory and Practice: Computational\/Experimental Integrated Approaches to Understand the Solubility and Lipophilicity of PROTACs","volume":"67","author":"Venturi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08027-7","article-title":"Differential PROTAC substrate specificity dictated by orientation of recruited E3 ligase","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101611062858900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.0c01451","article-title":"Rationalizing PROTAC-Mediated Ternary Complex Formation Using Rosetta","volume":"61","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101611062858900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.4c00189","article-title":"Interplay of PROTAC Complex Dynamics for Undruggable Targets: Insights into Ternary Complex Behavior and Linker Design","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026101611062858900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6092","DOI":"10.1021\/ja311795d","article-title":"A comprehensive mathematical model for three-body binding equilibria","volume":"135","author":"Douglass","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"6624","key":"2026101611062858900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/386463a0","article-title":"Structure of 20S proteasome from yeast at 24 A resolution","volume":"386","author":"Groll","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.78.081507.101607","article-title":"Recognition and processing of ubiquitin-protein conjugates by the proteasome","volume":"78","author":"Finley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07948-2","article-title":"Designed endocytosis-inducing proteins degrade targets and amplify signals","volume":"638","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8832","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00624C","article-title":"Emerging degrader technologies engaging lysosomal pathways","volume":"51","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202501222","article-title":"Sortilin-Mediated Rapid, Precise and Sustained Degradation of Membrane Proteins via mRNA-Encoded Lysosome-Targeting Chimera","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"28","key":"2026101611062858900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707782794005","article-title":"Mannose 6-phosphate receptor targeting and its applications in human diseases","volume":"14","author":"Gary-Bobo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101611062858900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3330","article-title":"Principles of nanoparticle design for overcoming biological barriers to drug delivery","volume":"33","author":"Blanco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101611062858900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.166","article-title":"Accumulation of sub-100 nm polymeric micelles in poorly permeable tumours depends on size","volume":"6","author":"Cabral","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20031253","article-title":"Size-dependent internalization of particles via the pathways of clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis","volume":"377","author":"Rejman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"37","key":"2026101611062858900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202308049","article-title":"Nano Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) with Anti-Hook Effect for Tumor Therapy","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101611062858900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1021\/nl052396o","article-title":"Determining the size and shape dependence of gold nanoparticle uptake into mammalian cells","volume":"6","author":"Chithrani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"42","key":"2026101611062858900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201801451","article-title":"Size, Shape, and Protein Corona Determine Cellular Uptake and Removal Mechanisms of Gold Nanoparticles","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"1765","key":"2026101611062858900_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180158","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2018.0158","article-title":"The origins and evolution of macropinocytosis","volume":"374","author":"King","year":"2019","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31981-2","article-title":"Integrin \u03b13\u03b21 promotes vessel formation of glioblastoma-associated endothelial cells through calcium-mediated macropinocytosis and lysosomal exocytosis","volume":"13","author":"Bae","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01801-3","article-title":"Targeted protein degradation via cellular trafficking of nanoparticles","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101611062858900_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202421713","article-title":"In Vivo Self-Assembly of PROTACs by Bioorthogonal Chemistry for Precision Cancer Therapy","volume":"64","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101611062858900_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2024.01.002","article-title":"Anti-tumor immunotherapy using engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles fused to lysosome-targeting chimeras mediated by transferrin receptor","volume":"32","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"39","key":"2026101611062858900_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34659","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c08326","article-title":"Fluorinated Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras-Sorafenib Nanoassembly for Epigenetic Remodeling to Combat Multi-Pathway Drug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101611062858900_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7008","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c17801","article-title":"An Engineered Nanovesicles-Based Lysosome-Targeting Protein Degradation Platform (NV-TACs) for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"148","author":"Xiao","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026101611062858900_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36301","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c09630","article-title":"Cell-Selective Targeting Chimeras (SelecTAC(B)) for Membrane Protein Degradation on B Cells","volume":"147","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101611062858900_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.6c00250","article-title":"Enzyme-Induced Supramolecular Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras Enable Tumor-Targeted Protein Degradation","volume":"6","author":"Liang","year":"2026","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101611062858900_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202520774","article-title":"Split-Deliver-Click: Tumor-Specific Protein Degradation via \"AND\" Logic-Gated In-Cell Bioorthogonal Clicking of PROTACs","volume":"65","author":"Dong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl."},{"issue":"46","key":"2026101611062858900_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18370","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b06422","article-title":"Light-Induced Protein Degradation with Photocaged PROTACs","volume":"141","author":"Xue","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"30","key":"2026101611062858900_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16642","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c04109","article-title":"Self-Assembled Nano-PROTAC Enables Near-Infrared Photodynamic Proteolysis for Cancer Therapy","volume":"145","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101611062858900_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202520235","article-title":"Ionizable Nano-PROTAC Overcomes Endosomal Entrapment for Enhanced LRG1 Degradation and Tumor Suppression","volume":"65","author":"Min","year":"2026","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101611062858900_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202506562","article-title":"Development and Mechanistic Evaluation of Cathepsin B-Activatable Peptide-Drug Conjugate PROTACs for Targeted Protein Degradation in Malignant Tumors: Advancing Precision Protein Degradation Therapeutics in Oncology","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026101611062858900_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202505105","article-title":"Enzyme-Instructed Nanofibrous Assemblies Enable Targeted PROTAC Release for Cancer Therapy","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101611062858900_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17081037","article-title":"Recent Advances in Nanomedicine: Cutting-Edge Research on Nano-PROTAC Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101611062858900_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c00962","article-title":"Cell-Penetrating Nanoparticles Activate the Inflammasome to Enhance Antibody Production by Targeting Microtubule-Associated Protein 1-Light Chain 3 for Degradation","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.110795","article-title":"Targeted degradation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase by gold nanoparticle-based multi-headed proteolysis targeting chimeras","volume":"188","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026101611062858900_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6833","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.59020","article-title":"A nano-predator of pathological MDMX construct by clearable supramolecular gold(I)-thiol-peptide complexes achieves safe and potent anti-tumor activity","volume":"11","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101611062858900_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5275","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c02252","article-title":"Dual-Targeting TrxR-EGFR Alkynyl-Au(I) Gefitinib Complex Induces Ferroptosis in Gefitinib-Resistant Lung Cancer via Degradation of GPX4","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026101611062858900_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13869","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00089","article-title":"Peptide-Based Supramolecular Systems Chemistry","volume":"121","author":"Sheehan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101611062858900_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-020-0215-y","article-title":"Biomimetic peptide self-assembly for functional materials","volume":"4","author":"Levin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026101611062858900_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16377","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c08521","article-title":"Covalently Engineered Nanobody Chimeras for Targeted Membrane Protein Degradation","volume":"143","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"34","key":"2026101611062858900_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19107","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c07687","article-title":"Harnessing the Lysosomal Sorting Signals of the Cation-Independent Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptor for Targeted Degradation of Membrane Proteins","volume":"145","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026101611062858900_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202319232","article-title":"Targeted Degradation of Cell-Surface Proteins via Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy by Using Peptide-Conjugated Antibodies","volume":"63","author":"Shao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl."},{"issue":"33","key":"2026101611062858900_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46667","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c09287","article-title":"A Tumor-Specific Membrane Protein Degradation Platform via Covalent Reaction-Induced Aggregation","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101611062858900_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202414146","article-title":"Self-Assembled Peptide-Derived Proteolysis-Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) Nanoparticles for Tumor-Targeted and Durable PD-L1 Degradation in Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"64","author":"Moon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026101611062858900_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202503134","article-title":"Cancer Specific CAIX-Targeting Supramolecular Lysosome-Targeting Chimeras (Supra-LYTAC) for Targeted Protein Degradation","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101611062858900_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202411061","article-title":"Lysosome-Targeting Protein Degradation Through Endocytosis Pathway Triggered by Polyvalent Nano-Chimera for AD Therapy","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101611062858900_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7742","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c12747","article-title":"Targeted Protein Degradation in Cancer Therapy via Hydrophobic Polymer-Tagged Nanoparticles","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026101611062858900_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202207439","article-title":"Glutathione-Scavenging Nanoparticle-Mediated PROTACs Delivery for Targeted Protein Degradation and Amplified Antitumor Effects","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101611062858900_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01266-z","article-title":"Tumor-targeted PROTAC prodrug nanoplatform enables precise protein degradation and combination cancer therapy","volume":"45","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.03.008","article-title":"Advances in microfluidics for lipid nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles and applications in drug delivery systems","volume":"128","author":"Maeki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.10.007","article-title":"Targeted nanoliposomes of oncogenic protein degraders: Significant inhibition of tumor in lung-cancer bearing mice","volume":"376","author":"Vartak","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123651","article-title":"Targeted degradation of hexokinase 2 by a novel engineered bispecific chimeric liposome-based Nano-PROTACs for enhancing tumor chemotherapy","volume":"326","author":"Gong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"40","key":"2026101611062858900_cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21860","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c05948","article-title":"Selective Protein of Interest Degradation through the Split-and-Mix Liposome Proteolysis Targeting Chimera Approach","volume":"145","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101611062858900_cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202107875","article-title":"Programmable Matter: The Nanoparticle Atom and DNA Bond","volume":"34","author":"Samanta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"37","key":"2026101611062858900_cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11573","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c03102","article-title":"Programming DNA Nanoassemblies into Polyvalent Lysosomal Degraders for Potent Degradation of Pathogenic Membrane Proteins","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101611062858900_cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c16438","article-title":"DNA Tetrahedron-Driven Multivalent Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras: Enhancing Protein Degradation Efficiency and Tumor Targeting","volume":"147","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101611062858900_cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3799","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.5c00422","article-title":"DNA-Programmable Protein Degradation: Dynamic Control of Proteolysis-Targeting Chimera Activity via DNA Hybridization and Strand Displacement","volume":"5","author":"Kashyap","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"issue":"30","key":"2026101611062858900_cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11738","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c03000","article-title":"Programmable Allosteric Regulation of Three-Dimensional DNA Nanostructures for Targeted Membrane Protein Degradation","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"29","key":"2026101611062858900_cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41781","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c09210","article-title":"A Simple Proton-Driven Allosteric Aptamer Nanorobot for Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Degradation and Behavior Modulation in Cancer Cells","volume":"17","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"43","key":"2026101611062858900_cit91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29609","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c10010","article-title":"Intelligent Modular DNA Lysosome-Targeting Chimera Nanodevice for Precision Tumor Therapy","volume":"146","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026101611062858900_cit92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19002","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5c01071","article-title":"Ferritin-Conjugated PROTAC Strategy for ERCC1\/XPF Degradation and Platinum Sensitization in Resistant Tumors","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.02.023","article-title":"Development of a nano-targeting chimera for the degradation of membrane and cytoplasmic proteins","volume":"195","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64426-7","article-title":"Targeted degradation of endogenous YAP by nanobody bioPROTAC inhibits tumor progression","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101611062858900_cit95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202516974","article-title":"Effective Degradation of Wild-Type and Mutant EGFR Using Self-Assembling Peptide-Derived PROTAC Nanoparticles (NanoTACs) for Cancer Therapy","volume":"38","author":"Jeong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02444-z","article-title":"In vivo self-assembled nano-PROTAC for the dual degradation of AR and HSP90 to overcome castration-resistant prostate cancer resistance","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026101611062858900_cit97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10982","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c20138","article-title":"Coassembled Prodrug Nanoparticles Mitigating the Acquired Resistance to Protein Degradation Therapy","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02405-6","article-title":"Reprogramming of cancer metabolism via photoresponsive nano-PROTAC enhances pyroptosis-mediated immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123387","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment responsive nano-PROTAC for BRD4 degradation enhanced cancer photo-immunotherapy","volume":"322","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101611062858900_cit100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.03.018","article-title":"PROTAC-loaded nanocapsules degrading BRD4 for radio-chemotherapy sensitization in glioblastoma","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4683","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60039-2","article-title":"DNA nanoflower Oligo-PROTAC for targeted degradation of FUS to treat neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"16","author":"Ge","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"44","key":"2026101611062858900_cit102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23939","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c05199","article-title":"Autophagy Receptor-Inspired Antibody-Fusion Proteins for Targeted Intracellular Degradation","volume":"145","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"28","key":"2026101611062858900_cit103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25645","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c00985","article-title":"Lysosome-Targeting Nanochimeras Attenuating Liver Fibrosis by Interconnected Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 Reduction and Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 5 Degradation","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101611062858900_cit104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2025-336268","article-title":"Discovery of a carboxyl fullerene derivative as a new lipid droplet regulator inhibiting MASLD","volume":"75","author":"Zou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-71246-w","article-title":"Cartilage targeting hydrogel nanoplatform degrades BRD4 to alleviate osteoarthritis via Nav1.7 axis","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101611062858900_cit106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.8b00732","article-title":"The Endosomal Escape of Nanoparticles: Toward More Efficient Cellular Delivery","volume":"30","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.185","article-title":"The possible \"proton sponge \" effect of polyethylenimine (PEI) does not include change in lysosomal pH","volume":"21","author":"Benjaminsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101611062858900_cit108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1021\/nn3049494","article-title":"Mechanism of polyplex- and lipoplex-mediated delivery of nucleic acids: real-time visualization of transient membrane destabilization without endosomal lysis","volume":"7","author":"ur Rehman","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101611062858900_cit109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178648","article-title":"A versatile cell-penetrating peptide-adaptor system for efficient delivery of molecular cargos to subcellular destinations","volume":"12","author":"Ngwa","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2018.05.034","article-title":"The proton sponge hypothesis: Fable or fact?","volume":"129","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1039\/d0na00454e","article-title":"Nanoscopy for endosomal escape quantification","volume":"3","author":"Andrian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101611062858900_cit112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.11742","article-title":"Current Approaches for Improving Intratumoral Accumulation and Distribution of Nanomedicines","volume":"5","author":"Durymanov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101611062858900_cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5681\/bi.2014.021","article-title":"Targeting tumor microenvironment: crossing tumor interstitial fluid by multifunctional nanomedicines","volume":"4","author":"Omidi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioimpacts"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42233-2","article-title":"Expanding PROTACtable genome universe of E3 ligases","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101611062858900_cit115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00574-6","article-title":"Endocytosis in cancer and cancer therapy","volume":"23","author":"Banushi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101611062858900_cit116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1808","article-title":"Toxicokinetics, dose-response, and risk assessment of nanomaterials: Methodology, challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101611062858900_cit117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2022.0014","article-title":"The Promise of Emergent Nanobiotechnologies for In Vivo Applications and Implications for Safety and Security","volume":"20","author":"Arnold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Secur."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101611062858900_cit118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23081848","article-title":"Histopathology of the Liver, Kidney, and Spleen of Mice Exposed to Gold Nanoparticles","volume":"23","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101611062858900_cit119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041879","article-title":"Effects of Antioxidant Combinations on the Renal Toxicity Induced Rats by Gold Nanoparticles","volume":"28","author":"Alshammari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"43","key":"2026101611062858900_cit120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9863","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB01868F","article-title":"Biomedical application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles as delivery systems: a biological safety perspective","volume":"8","author":"Hosseinpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026101611062858900_cit121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262210842","article-title":"Sub-15 nm Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Emerging Frontiers and Therapeutic Potential","volume":"26","author":"De","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026101611062858900_cit122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb21526a","article-title":"Nanoparticle-protein corona complexes govern the biological fates and functions of nanoparticles","volume":"2","author":"Gunawan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2017.10.001","article-title":"Formation of the Protein Corona: The Interface between Nanoparticles and the Immune System","volume":"34","author":"Barbero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.646708","article-title":"In vivo Protein Corona Formation: Characterizations, Effects on Engineered Nanoparticles' Biobehaviors, and Applications","volume":"9","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101611062858900_cit125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1039\/C6BM00921B","article-title":"Personalized protein corona on nanoparticles and its clinical implications","volume":"5","author":"Corbo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101611062858900_cit126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0073494","article-title":"Performance of nanoparticles for biomedical applications: The in vitro\/in vivo discrepancy","volume":"3","author":"Berger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101611062858900_cit127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2007.223","article-title":"Immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials","volume":"2","author":"Dobrovolskaia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101611062858900_cit128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01086-x","article-title":"Immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles and its impact on the efficacy of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101611062858900_cit129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2442","article-title":"Understanding biophysicochemical interactions at the nano-bio interface","volume":"8","author":"Nel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101611062858900_cit130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.06.017","article-title":"Activation of complement by therapeutic liposomes and other lipid excipient-based therapeutic products: prediction and prevention","volume":"63","author":"Szebeni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101611062858900_cit131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2006.08.017","article-title":"Accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated liposomes upon repeated injections: effect of doxorubicin-encapsulation and high-dose first injection","volume":"115","author":"Ishida","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.11.042","article-title":"Anti-PEG antibodies compromise the integrity of PEGylated lipid-based nanoparticles via complement","volume":"341","author":"Estap\u00e9 Senti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101611062858900_cit133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-022-00055-9","article-title":"Targeted protein degraders: a call for collective action to advance safety assessment","volume":"21","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101611062858900_cit134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.207","article-title":"Biomolecular coronas provide the biological identity of nanosized materials","volume":"7","author":"Monopoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101611062858900_cit135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-025-03454-w","article-title":"Nano-TPD: Using nanoparticle-based systems to improve the delivery and therapeutic effect of targeted protein degraders","volume":"34","author":"Dey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120826","article-title":"Microfluidic formulation of nanoparticles for biomedical applications","volume":"274","author":"Shepherd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101611062858900_cit137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2023.103643","article-title":"Industry perspective on the nonclinical safety assessment of heterobifunctional degraders","volume":"28","author":"Hemkens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026101611062858900_cit138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.1039\/d0bm00558d","article-title":"The regulation of nanomaterials and nanomedicines for clinical application: current and future perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Foulkes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101611062858900_cit139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01754-7","article-title":"A translational framework to DELIVER nanomedicines to the clinic","volume":"19","author":"Joyce","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101611062858900_cit140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-18-1129","article-title":"Acquired Resistance to BET-PROTACs (Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras) Caused by Genomic Alterations in Core Components of E3 Ligase Complexes","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.03.001","article-title":"Tau degradation: The ubiquitin\u2013proteasome system versus the autophagy-lysosome system","volume":"105","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2026101611062858900_cit142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-025-01533-8","article-title":"Phase 1 study of HP518, a PROTAC AR degrader in patients with mCRPC: results on safety, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor activity","volume":"43","author":"Azad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest. New Drugs"}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.6c06291","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.6c06291\/68861675\/am-2026-062916.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.6c06291\/68861675\/am-2026-062916.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:43:11Z","timestamp":1792165391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.6c06291\/5451301\/Rational-Design-and-Advanced-Application-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"references-count":142,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6c06291","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]}}}