{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:15:31Z","timestamp":1788243331603,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2408085MA007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2408085MA007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Highly conductive and stretchable nanofibers are promising material candidates for wearable devices. However, traditional electrode materials are limited by their tensile strain, rigid material, and impermeability, which often deteriorates the performance of their flexible wearable sensors. Herein, a wearable triboelectric sensor (WTS) based on a highly conductive, stretchable, and breathable Au\/TPU nanofiber electrode is developed for object recognition, emotion recognition, and wireless real-time robot control. After Au nanoparticles are uniformly deposited on the surface of TPU nanofibers through anion-assisted photochemical deposition (APD) method, the prepared Au\/TPU nanofiber electrode achieves a tight combination of the high-conductive network and flexible feature, including an excellent conductivity (668.9 S\/m), stretchability (500%), and tensile stability. Based on the Au\/TPU nanofiber electrode, the fabricated WTS demonstrates high-performance triboelectric effects for high-sensitivity stimulus response. Furthermore, six WTS units adhered to the inner side of a mechanical claw can achieve high-accuracy object recognition (94.7%) with the assistance of machine learning. Similarly, when five WTS units are attached to the human face, different facial expressions can be successfully identified for emotion recognition to further enable wireless real-time robot control for human-machine interaction. Consequently, the fabricated WTS based on Au\/TPU nanofiber electrode demonstrates a considerably impressive potential in the fields of wearable electronics and Artificial Intelligence (AI).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c06860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:01:54Z","timestamp":1786982514000},"page":"45348-45359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wearable Triboelectric Sensors Based on High-Performance Au\/TPU Nanofiber Electrodes for Object Recognition, Emotion Recognition, and Wireless Real-Time Robot Control"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mengjia","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Hefei, P. R. China, 230036"]},{"name":"Henan University , , ,","place":["Kaifeng, P. R. China, 475004"]},{"name":"Nanjing University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, P. R. China, 210093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shifan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University , , ,","place":["Kaifeng, P. R. China, 475004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University , , ,","place":["Kaifeng, P. R. China, 475004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University , , ,","place":["Kaifeng, P. R. China, 475004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University , , ,","place":["Kaifeng, P. R. China, 475004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University , , ,","place":["Kaifeng, P. R. China, 475004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5492-8152","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Hefei, P. R. China, 230036"]},{"name":"Henan University , , ,","place":["Kaifeng, P. R. China, 475004"]},{"name":"Anhui Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Hefei, P. R. China, 230036"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10876","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55177-y","article-title":"All-polymer piezo-ionic-electric electronics","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202311996","article-title":"Advances in Flexible Magnetosensitive Materials and Devices for Wearable Electronics","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202504314","article-title":"Artificial Tactile Perception for Object Recognition and Grab via Multifunctional Ionic Fiber-Based Sensor System","volume":"35","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7069","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52768-7","article-title":"Electronic structure formed by Y2O3-doping in lithium position assists improvement of charging-voltage for high-nickel cathodes","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-025-01107-x","article-title":"Optimized stress transfer interfaces enabled wearable nano-electronics for fatigue driving monitoring","volume":"12","author":"Lei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8944","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c24793","article-title":"Shape-Memory\u2013Assisted Self-Healing and Real-Time Acidic Environment Detection in Multifunctional Electrospun Fibers","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202100709","article-title":"Flexible High-Resolution Triboelectric Sensor Array Based on Patterned Laser-Induced Graphene for Self-Powered Real-Time Tactile Sensing","volume":"31","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202307609","article-title":"Wearable Integrated Self-Powered Electroluminescence Display Device Based on All-In-One MXene Electrode for Information Encryption","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.167343","article-title":"Physical vapor deposition of gold electrodes on flexible and inflexible substrates for electrochemical applications","volume":"522","author":"Balapure","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202313857","article-title":"Ultrasensitive Touch Sensor for Simultaneous Tactile and Slip Sensing","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c12210","article-title":"Superstretchable Liquid-Metal Electrodes for Dielectric Elastomer Transducers and Flexible Circuits","volume":"18","author":"Zang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202302846","article-title":"In Situ Forming Dual-Conductive Hydrogels Enable Conformal, Self-Adhesive and Antibacterial Epidermal Electrodes","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202413728","article-title":"Permeable and Durable Liquid-Metal Fiber Mat as Implantable Physiological Electrodes with Long-Term Biocompatibility","volume":"37","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.165954","article-title":"Robust supramolecular conductive hydrogels based on silk fibroin and wool keratin for stretchable, self-healing, and adhesive strain sensors","volume":"520","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202300908","article-title":"Flexible Transparent Conductive Electrodes: Unveiling Growth Mechanisms, Material Dimensions, Fabrication Methods, and Design Strategies","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2631-7990\/ae02ca","article-title":"Nano\/micro-engineered metallic flexible electrodes: advancing the era of epidermal electronics","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Extrem. Manuf."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110118","article-title":"Artificial intelligence enabled biodegradable all-textile sensor for smart monitoring and recognition","volume":"130","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23217","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c05797","article-title":"Soft, Multifunctional MXene-Coated Fiber Microelectrodes for Biointerfacing","volume":"18","author":"Bi","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202201772","article-title":"Room-Temperature Annealing-Free Gold Printing via Anion-Assisted Photochemical Deposition","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202522727","article-title":"Pollen-Biochar-Based Tactile-Pain Dual-Function Sensors for Intelligent Robotics","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202414936","article-title":"Multimodal, Ultrasensitive, and Biomimetic Electronic Skin Based on Gradient Micro-Frustum Ionogel for Imaginary Keyboard and Haptic Cognition","volume":"35","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2025.113089","article-title":"High-performance dual-strategy reinforced spontaneously polarized nanofibers with tailored MXene interfaces for sustainable multifunctional intelligent textiles","volume":"309","author":"Pandiyan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compos. B. Eng."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202408384","article-title":"Triboelectric Bending Sensors for AI-Enabled Sign Language Recognition","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2025.101015","article-title":"Advanced nanomaterials for health monitoring and diagnostics in next-generation wearable sensors","volume":"165","author":"Chandran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. R"},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202206900","article-title":"Integrated Self-Powered Sensors Based on 2D Material Devices","volume":"32","author":"Huo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1039\/D5MH01510C","article-title":"PAN\/MXene: a potent piezo-gen and cogent piezoelectric separator for self-chargeable supercapacitors","volume":"13","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2024.08.013","article-title":"A comprehensive review on triboelectric sensors and AI-integrated systems","volume":"80","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202406235","article-title":"Ultrasensitive Wearable Pressure Sensors with Stress-Concentrated Tip-Array Design for Long-Term Bimodal Identification","volume":"36","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108385","article-title":"Boosting output performance of triboelectric nanogenerator based on BaTiO3:La embedded nanofiber membrane for energy harvesting and wireless power transmission","volume":"110","author":"Xi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202301196","article-title":"A Digital\u2013Analog Bimodal Memristor Based on CsPbBr3 for Tactile Sensory Neuromorphic Computing","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026090101424687500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-15982-x","article-title":"Facial expression recognition: a review","volume":"83","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.6c06860","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/33\/45348\/66644165\/am-2026-068602.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/33\/45348\/66644165\/am-2026-068602.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:42:51Z","timestamp":1788241371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/18\/33\/45348\/5261737\/Wearable-Triboelectric-Sensors-Based-on-High"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6c06860","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]}}}