{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T12:30:49Z","timestamp":1787142649126,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20241478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20241478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U25A20309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U25A20309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a growing demand for ultra-black surfaces for stray light suppression in space optical systems due to their extremely high absorptance. However, developing omnidirectional, high-absorption ultra-black surfaces that meet the harsh requirements of the space service environment remains challenging. This work proposes a design strategy combining light-trapping microstructures with carbon nanotube (CNT) films, in which the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of the films is treated as the surface scattering property of the microstructures, enabling microstructure unit feature design via ray tracing. Simulation results indicate that, under the scattering characteristics of the coating, the pyramid configuration significantly enhances light-trapping capability significantly while maintaining good angular tolerance. Furthermore, the pyramid light-trapping microstructure ultra-black (PLMU) surfaces are fabricated using ultra-precision fly-cutting (UPFC) and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), achieving a maximum single-panel area of 200 mm \u00d7 150 mm. This surface exhibits an extremely low average hemispherical reflectance (R &amp;lt; 0.48%) in the visible range, with reflectance remaining below 2% even at a 60\u00b0 incidence angle. Finally, outgassing tests, thermal cycling, and other space qualification tests confirm excellent in-orbit performance. The proposed method shows great potential for realizing large-area fabrication of highly absorptive ultra-black surfaces for aerospace applications, offering substantial promise for improving stray light suppression in space optical systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c07169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T20:01:25Z","timestamp":1786046485000},"page":"44572-44579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultra-high, Omnidirectional, and Space Service Capability Light-Absorption Surface for Space Optical Systems"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ximeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1099-2260","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeheng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026081907184832400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1501227","article-title":"Self-assembly of highly efficient, broadband plasmonic absorbers for solar steam generation","volume":"2","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081907184832400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.50.001850","article-title":"Experimental observation of extremely weak optical scattering from an interlocking carbon nanotube array","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081907184832400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7625","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177625","article-title":"Analysis and suppression design of stray light pollution in a spectral imager loaded on a polar-orbiting satellite","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081907184832400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12111832","article-title":"Challenges for in-flight calibration of thermal infrared instruments for Earth observation","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026081907184832400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4099","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.50.004099","article-title":"Far infrared thermal detectors for laser radiometry using a carbon nanotube array","volume":"50","author":"Lehman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081907184832400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9060497","article-title":"Antireflective coatings: Conventional stacking layers and ultrathin plasmonic metasurfaces, a mini-review","volume":"9","author":"Keshavarz Hedayati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"2026081907184832400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.146388","article-title":"Super black iron nanostructures with broadband ultralow reflectance for efficient photothermal conversion","volume":"521","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081907184832400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2014.311","article-title":"Plasmon-induced hot carrier science and technology","volume":"10","author":"Brongersma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081907184832400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14071393","article-title":"Metallic and non-metallic plasmonic nanostructures for LSPR sensors","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081907184832400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9123","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b02039","article-title":"Super black material from low-density carbon aerogels with subwavelength structures","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081907184832400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201909877","article-title":"Carbon Vesicles: A symmetry-breaking strategy for wide-band and solvent-processable ultrablack coating materials","volume":"30","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026081907184832400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6044","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900155106","article-title":"A black body absorber from vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes","volume":"106","author":"Mizuno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081907184832400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.96.045409","article-title":"Thin randomly aligned hierarchical carbon nanotube arrays as ultrablack metamaterials","volume":"96","author":"De Nicola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081907184832400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1039\/B204483H","article-title":"The physical and chemical properties of electroless nickel\u2013phosphorus alloys and low reflectance nickel\u2013phosphorus black surfaces","volume":"12","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"2026081907184832400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2022.154922","article-title":"Nano-and micro-engineered vertical graphene\/Ni for superior optical absorption","volume":"606","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"2026081907184832400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susmat.2023.e00574","article-title":"Construction of large-sized ultra-black films for efficient solar-thermal conversion under harsh environmental conditions","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainable Mater. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081907184832400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202100576","article-title":"Preparation of ultrablack composite sheets with excellent mechanical and chemical stability from sandpaper-based template-imprinting","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"2026081907184832400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12901","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-023-5590-5","article-title":"Design and optical performance investigation of all-sprayable ultrablack coating","volume":"16","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081907184832400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0039723","article-title":"Nanoimprintable super antireflective matte black surface achieved by hierarchical micro and nano architecture","volume":"129","author":"Shinotsuka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081907184832400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202309229","article-title":"Hierarchical conical metasurfaces as ultra-broadband perfect absorbers from visible to far-infrared regime","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081907184832400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2007.389","article-title":"Improved broadband and quasi-omnidirectional anti-reflection properties with biomimetic silicon nanostructures","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081907184832400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6989","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.2c00947","article-title":"Mechanically robust vertically aligned carbon nanotube composites for applications in ultralow reflectance optical elements","volume":"5","author":"Laughlin","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026081907184832400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16762","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b21424","article-title":"Construction of carbon nanotube sponges to have high optical antireflection and mechanical stability","volume":"12","author":"Zhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081907184832400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2481(03)00146-2","article-title":"Formation of porous silicon by metal particle enhanced chemical etching in HF solution and its application for efficient solar cells","volume":"5","author":"Yae","year":"2003","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081907184832400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16025","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA24947C","article-title":"Self-assembly nanostructured gold for high aspect ratio silicon microstructures by metal assisted chemical etching","volume":"6","author":"Romano","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081907184832400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2975989","article-title":"Femtosecond laser blackening of platinum","volume":"104","author":"Vorobyev","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081907184832400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11122380","article-title":"Formation of subwavelength periodic triangular arrays on tungsten through double-pulsed femtosecond laser irradiation","volume":"11","author":"Qiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026081907184832400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.011259","article-title":"Ultra-broadband enhanced absorption of metal surfaces structured by femtosecond laser pulses","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081907184832400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00340-016-6449-1","article-title":"Fabrication of broadband antireflective black metal surfaces with ultra-light-trapping structures by picosecond laser texturing and chemical fluorination","volume":"122","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. B"},{"issue":"44","key":"2026081907184832400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202407135","article-title":"Template-made ultrahigh, broadband, and omnidirectional light absorption surface for enhanced solar energy harvesting and utilization","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081907184832400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2024.108638","article-title":"Preparation of ultra-black film with good resistance to wiping based on a typical forest structure","volume":"195","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081907184832400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43594-4","article-title":"Wood-based superblack","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"37","key":"2026081907184832400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201902070","article-title":"A 3D-Structured Sustainable Solar-Driven Steam Generator Using Super-Black Nylon Flocking Materials","volume":"15","author":"Tu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081907184832400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202402289","article-title":"Robust ultrablack coating for omnidirectional broadband light absorption","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081907184832400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade4853","article-title":"Supreme-black levels enabled by touchproof microcavity surface texture on anti-backscatter matrix","volume":"9","author":"Amemiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081907184832400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.03.019","article-title":"Spray coating of a perfect absorber based on carbon nanotube multiscale composites","volume":"178","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081907184832400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201202232","article-title":"Ultra-high optical absorption efficiency from the ultraviolet to the infrared using multi-walled carbon nanotube ensembles","volume":"9","author":"Kaul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081907184832400_cit38","unstructured":"Optical black light absorbing and coatings\u2014Acktar black coatings [EB\/OL]. [2025-10-01], 2025. https:\/\/acktar.com."},{"key":"2026081907184832400_cit39","year":"2025","journal-title":"Optical black paints, surface treatments, and coatings [EB\/OL]"}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.6c07169","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/32\/44572\/66450869\/am-2026-07169t.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/32\/44572\/66450869\/am-2026-07169t.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T11:52:22Z","timestamp":1787140342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/18\/32\/44572\/5249785\/Ultra-high-Omnidirectional-and-Space-Service"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6c07169","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]}}}