{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:08:37Z","timestamp":1789758517401,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22378121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22378121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["23JC1401700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JC1401700"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["23ZR1479500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23ZR1479500"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["2023YFC2410200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2410200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a highly prevalent condition characterized by persistent inflammatory effusion in the middle ear cavity. The clinical management of OME remains challenging due to the anatomical inaccessibility of the middle ear, which limits drug efficacy and often necessitates invasive surgical interventions. To address this, we engineered a transtympanic hydrogel platform (Gel-HADA) that undergoes rapid, enzyme-mediated gelation on the tympanic membrane (TM), forming a \u201csecond membrane\u201d through transglutaminase (TGase) crosslinking within 15 min. This hydrogel adheres firmly to the TM, degrades controllably to 5.4 \u00b1 4.0% remaining mass over 7 days, and provides sustained drug delivery. As a result, dexamethasone phosphate disodium-loaded Gel-HADA (Gel-HADA-Dex) demonstrated effective permeability across ex vivo rat TM. In a rat OME model, a single Gel-HADA-Dex administration effectively suppressed mucosal inflammation and restored middle ear function (100% Type A curves, equivalent to the healthy control group). TM thickness (from 91.40 \u00b1 16.46 \u03bcm to 8.32 \u00b1 1.60 \u03bcm), mucosal thickness (from 67.97 \u00b1 6.21 \u03bcm to 46.50 \u00b1 2.47 \u03bcm), and leukocyte counts in middle ear lavage (from 140.37 \u00b1 45.94 \/HPF to 11.07 \u00b1 1.76 \/HPF) were significantly reduced. Mechanistically, Gel-HADA-Dex normalized the aberrant immune-transcriptional network and suppressed key pro-inflammatory cytokines while enhancing anti-inflammatory mediators. The hydrogel demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and auditory safety. Together, the study established Gel-HADA as an innovative, rapid in situ enzymatically crosslinked system for non-invasive transtympanic corticosteroid delivery. Ultimately, it provides a reliable and potentially clinically translatable strategy for localized treatment of OME.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c07256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T18:01:23Z","timestamp":1786816883000},"page":"44889-44904","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Non-Invasive Transtympanic Bioadhesive Hydrogel for Sustained Delivery of Dexamethasone in Otitis Media Effusion Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200233"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200233"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizhe","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruotong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200233"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200233"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hui'er Artificial Intelligence Hearing Research Center , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310011"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200233"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200233"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianchuang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai Changhai Hospital , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200433"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2823-4637","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junji","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1998-3281","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haibo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200233"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026091814062189000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2022.12.004","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children in Japan - 2022 update","volume":"50","author":"Hidaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"2026091814062189000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894941030S501","article-title":"Recent Advances in Otitis Media Treatment. 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